所屬科目:研究所、轉學考(插大)◆財政學
1. Majority voting rule is the best voting rule that achieves Pareto efficiency.
2. Interest groups engage in rent seeking activities that produce welfare costs or deadweight loss to the society.
3. Two-party systems tend to be stable in the sense that both vote-maximizing parties adopt the preferred program of the median voter.
4. Lump sum tax is both efficient and equitable.
5. A cap-and-trade system is both cost effective and fair.
6. Consumption of the fairness of the income distribution is nonrival and nonexcludable.
7. Using deductible can reduce moral hazard problem.
二、我國納稅義務人、配偶或受扶養親屬若屬於符合中央衛生福利主管機關公告須長期照顧之身心失能者,每人每年得扣除十二萬元,但符合排富條款條件者則無法適用。說明此項新增長期照顧特別扣除額之規定對經濟效率、租稅公平及稅式支出的影響。(15 分)
三、(30 分) 1. 說明帝波模型(Tiebout model)的內容及成立條件,並舉一例分析此模型在現實生活是否成立。
2. 相較於中央集權,評估地方分權體制(Decentralized system)的優劣。
1. 當計畫的成本和效益面對不確定性(Uncertainty)時,該如何處理?
2. 當計畫影響到非人類(如動物、植物、自然環境等)時,這些影響需要納入成本效益的計算嗎?為什麼?若你認為需要納入計算,說明如何計算;若你認為不需要納入計算,說明原因。