113年 - 113 國立清華大學_學士後醫學系單招試題_學士後醫學系自然科學組：化學與物理#119930

4. At 25 ℃, what is the approximate pH of a 0.5 M ammonium nitrite(NH₄NO₂) solution? (K_a = 5.6 x 10^-10 for NH₄⁺, 4.0 x 10^-4 for HNO₂; log2 = 0.301, log7 = 0.845) (A) 4.70 (B)5.40 (C)6.30 (D)7.50 (E) 8.60

5.Which of the following show the more stable chair conformers (from two possible chair conformers) of the cyclohexane scaffolds?(A)(B)(C)(D)

6. Given the following standard reduction potentials at 25 ℃:
In a galvanic cell, the copper compartment contains a copper electrode and [Cu²⁺] = 1.00 M. The zinc compartment contains a zinc electrode and Zn²⁺at an unknown concentration. The compartment containing the zinc (1.00 L of solution) was titrated with 0.600 M H₂EDTA^2-, resulting in the reaction: The potential of the cell was monitored to determine the stoichiometric point for the process, which occurred when 400.0 mL of H₂EDTA^2- solution was added. What is Ecell at the halfway point of titration? (A)1.04V (B) 1.07V (C) 1.10V (D)1.13 V (E) 1.16 V

7. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (A) 2 NO(g) + 2 CO(g) → N₂(g) + 2 COz(g) is spontaneous at room temperature, then the reaction has △H >0. (B) The reaction NH₃(g) + HCI(g)→  NH₄CI(s) can proceed spontaneously at room temperature, so the AH of the reaction is < 0. (C) For the reaction MgCl₂(1)→ Mg(I) + Cl₂(g) to proceed at a certain temperature, it has △H > 0 and △S > 0. (D) The reaction C(s) + CO₂(g)→2CO(g) cannot proceed spontaneously at room temperature, then the reaction has △H > 0. (E) After the coating of copper-plated iron products is broken, the iron products are more likely to corrode than before the damage.

8. It is known that 3.6 g of simple carbon is burned in 6.4 g of O₂ until the reactants are exhausted, giving off XkJ of heat. The heat of complete combustion of simple carbon is Y kJ•mol^-1 . What is the heat of reaction △H for the reaction of 1 mole of simple carbon with O2 to form CO? (A) -YkJ•mol^-1(B) -(10X -Y) kJ•mol^-1 (C) -(5.X- 0.5Y) kJ•mol^-1(D) +(10X-Y)kJ•mol^-1(E) +(5X -0.5Y) kJ•mol^-1

9. If 100 mL of 0.4 M Ba(OH)₂ solution is added to a sufficient amount of H₂SO₄ solution, the amount of heat released is 5.12 kJ. If 100 mL of 0.4 M HCl solution is added to a sufficient amount of Ba(OH)₂ solution, the amount of heat released is 2.2 kJ. Which of the following is the thermochemical equation for the reaction between an Na₂SO₄ solution and a BaCl₂ solution? (A)(B) (C) (D)(E)

10. Concentrated sulfuric acid and 2 M of dilute sulfuric acid are placed open in the experiment. The relationship between their masses and the number of days in which they are placed is shown in the figure on the right. Which of the following process pairs is responsible for the change in the curves of a and b? (A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

12. Which of the following reactions produces the correct major product? (A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

13. Consider the following reaction, which product is least likely to be observed?(A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

14. PhosphatidyIglycerol is an important component in bacterial membrane and many anti-microbial peptides have been found to kill bacteria by the interaction with the membrane under  physiological conditions. Which of the following residues in the anti-microbial peptides is the most likely to bind to a membrane of Phosphatidylglycerol?(A) Arginine (B) Glycine (C) Glutamic acid(D) Serine(E) Cysteine

16. Which of the following is a chiral compound? (A) I (B) II  (C) III (D) IV (E) V

17. The osmotic pressure of a 0.010 M aqueous solution of potassium sulfate was measured to be 0.660 atm at 25 ℃. What is the van't Hoff factor (i) for this solution? (gas constant R = 0.082 atm L/mol-K) (A) 0.37 (B) 0.90 (C) 0.98 (D) 2.70 (E) 2.95

20. The dissolution of a strong electrolyte of type A_mB_n in water (which can be regarded as a special chemical reaction) is expressed as A_mB_n = Aⁿ⁺(aq) + B^m-(aq), with enthalpy and entropy changes of △H and△S, respectively.Which of the following statements best describesthe dissolution of strong electrolytes of type A_mB_nof different compositions? (A) Both △H and△S are positive. (B) Both △H and△S are negative. (C) △H ispositive, and △S is negative. (D) △H may be positive or negative, and △S is positive. (E) Both △H and△S may be positive or negative.

21. Lysine H₃N⁺(CH₂)₄CH(NH₂)COO^-(denoted by HR) is an essential amino acid, and its hydrochloride salt ([H₃R]Cl₂) exists in aqueous solution in the following equilibrium: When an NaOH solution is added to a certain concentration of [H₃R]Cl₂ solution, the distribution cocfficients δ(x) of H₃R²⁺, H₂R⁺,  HR, and R^- vary with pH as shown on the right. Given that , which of the following statements is correct?

(A)
(B) At M, [CI^-] + [OH^-] +[R^-] =2[H₂R⁺] +[Na⁺] +H⁺]
(C) [H2R⁺], [HR], and [R^-] cannot be in the solution at the same time. 
(D)
(E) At P,[CI^-]>[Na⁺]>[OH^-] >[H⁺]

22. The use of N₂O₅ as a nitrifying agent is a new type of green nitrification technology, which has been widely used in industries such as energy-containing materials and pharmaceuticals. For the reaction 2N₂O₅(g) → 4NO₂(g) + O₂(g) ， the following reaction sequence was proposed,

where it can be approximated that the second step does not affect the equilibrium of the first step. Which of the following statements is correct?(A) the rate of the reverse reaction of the first step<the rate of the reaction of the second step(B) The only intermediate product of the reaction is NO₃.(C) The collision of NO₂ with NO₃ in the second step is only partially effective.(D) The activation energy of the reaction in the third step is higher than the other two.(E) The rate law of this reaction is rate = k[NO₂][NO₃].

23. You titrated 15 mL of 0.01 M NaCl, NaBr, and NaI solutions with 0.1 M AgNO₃ solution, respectively, and used an Ag₂S electrode to monitor the change in Ag⁺ concentration during the titration. The measured Ag₂S electrode potential ( E ) versus the volume (V)of AgNO₃ solution consumed is shown on the right. It is known that the electromotive force of Ag₂S electrode increases with the increase of [Ag⁺ ], and the produced silver halide by titration exists as a colloid. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) The titration of NaCl solution is curve I. (B) Q is the titration end point. (C) The [Ag⁺ ] at Q is 0.1 M. (D) From the figure, it can be seen that the silver halide colloid particles mainly adsorb Ag⁺.(E) This method can be used to determine the concentration of halide ions in solution.

24. The catalyzed reaction of benzene with Br₂ is shown in the following figure. Which of the following statements is correct about the sequence of reactions? (A) Reactions of benzene and Br₂ are exothermic. (B) From the reaction rate point of view, the catalyzed reaction of benzene with Br₂ is mainly a substitution reaction due to the lower activation energy of the reaction. (C) Both bromobenzene and o-dibromobenzene are produced from the catalyzed reaction of benzene and Br₂. (D) The rate-determining step in the catalyzed reaction of benzene with Bris accompanied by the breaking and formation of polar bonds. (E) Heating the reaction not only speeds it up, but increases the equilibrium conversion of the substitution reaction.

25. Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, andare removed when purifying crude salt (NaCl) in the laboratory. Which of the following reagents are needed in addition to BaCI₂? (A) Na₂CO₃, NaOH, and HCl (B) Na₂CO₃, HCI, and KOH (C) K₂CO₃, HNO₃, and NaOH (D) Na₂CO₃, NaOH, and HNO₃ (E) K₂CO₃, HCI, and KOH

27. The energy changes for the hydrogenation of 1 mole of cyclohexene, cyclohexadienes, and benzene to produce I mole of cyclohexane are as follows. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (A) , so the amount of heat released from hydrogenation of carbon- carbon double bonds is proportional to the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule. (B) △H₂ < △H₃, so the interaction between two carbon-carbon double bonds alternates between single and double bonds, contributing to the stability of the substance. (C) 3△H₁<△H₄，so there are not three completely independent carbon-carbon double bonds in the benzene molecule.(D) △H₃-△H₁< 0 , △H₄-△H₃ > 0 , so the benzene molecule has a special stabilizing property.(E) The C-H bond energy is greater than the average of the C-C π bond and H-H bond energy.

number of valence electrons of W. 

Which of the following statements is correct?(A) The highest oxidation state of both X and Z is +7.(B) Both HX and HZ are strong acids in water, and their electron dot structures can be expressed as

(C) Z, W, and hydrogen form a covalent compound, which is soluble in water.(D) X and Z form compounds XZ, XZ₃, XZ₅ and XZ₇.(E) Of these four elements, Y has the largest atomic radius, while X has the

smallest.

32. What is the approximate heat capacity ratio, γ = C_p/C_v, for methane under NTP conditions (298 K and 1 atm)? (A) 1.64 ~ 1.69 (B) 1.36 ~ 1.41 (C) 1.29 ~ 1.34 (D) 1.20 ~ 1.27 (E) None of these.

33. The switch S in the circuit on the right is closed at t = 0. What is the voltage (V_c) across the capacitor after a very long time (i.e., much larger than the time constant t) when both the capacitor and the inductor are in a steady state? (A) 6V (B) 4V (D) 2V (E) 0V (C) 3V

36. Which of the following functions is not a solution to the one-dimensional wave equation? (A) (B)(C)(D)(E) All the above wave-function forms satisfy the wave equation.

38. As shown on the right, a ball of mass m is attached to a pivot fixed in place by means of a string of length L. The ball is in a state of rest. A constant force F is applied horizontally to cause the ball to swing upwards. What is the kinetic energy of the ball when the string makes an angle of θ with the vertical line? (A) FL(1-cosθ) (B) FLsinθ (C) FLtanθ+ mgLsineθ (D) FLsinθ + mgL(cosθ-1) (E) 0

40. A uniform disk of mass m and radius R is rotating about its symmetric axis at an angular velocity ω₀. A ring of the same mass m and radius R originally at rest suddenly drops on the disk. Due to friction, the disk and the ring finally rotate together at a constant anular velocity ω. What is the kinetic energy loss during this process?(A) (B) (C)(D)(E) Energy is conserved, so there is no energy loss.

41. Two pulses traveling on the same string are described by

Where is he location of the node where these two pulses always cancel? (A)3/4 (B) 1 (C) -4/3 (D) 4/3 (E) 2

42. A siphon tube is used to transport liquid from a higher location to a lower location without electric pumps. The tube sinks into the liquid by a length d. The highest point of the tube, point B is at a distance h from the surface of the liquid. The outlet of the tube, point C is at a distance d + I from the surface of the liquid. The density of the liquid is ρ. The atmosphere pressure is P₀. The gravitational field is g. What is the velocity of the liquid coming out at point C?(A)(B) (C) (D) (E)

44. Four identical large thin metal plates are separated by three layers of dielectric material with dielectric metal constant K. Each metal plate has area A and the thickness of each dielectric layer is d. The outer two plates are connected to point a, and the inner two plates are connected to point b. What is the equivalent capacitance between point a and b? (The capacitance of two large metal plate separated by d is )   (A) (B)(C)(D)(E)

45. A uniformly charged insulating rod is bent into the shape of a semicircle as shown on the right. The rod has a total charge Q and the radius of the semicircle is R. What is the magnitude of the electric field at O, the center of the semicircle? (A)(B)(C)(D)(E)

46. Two particles are confined to move along frictionless tracks as depicted in the figure on the right, where m₁ can only move along the horizontal track, and m₂ can only move along the vertical track. The two masses are connected by a rigid, massless rod of length Assume both masses are the same and are subject to gravity in the direction. With their initial positions indicated in the figure, which of the following statements is true?(A) m₁ can never reach the right-hand side of the vertical track regardless of their initial velocities. (B) m₂ can never reach a higher position than its initial position regardless of their initial velocities. (C) If both masses are initially at rest, m₂ can never reach a higher position than its initial position. (D) mi can reach the right-hand side of the vertical track only if it has an initial velocity in the direction. (E) None of the above. 

50. Charges are distributed non-uniformly in between the space of two infinitely long concentric cylinders of radius R and 2R,respectively, as shown in the figure on the right. There is no charge in the region r <  R and r > 2R. In the region R<r<2R， the charge density only depends on the radial distance p(r)= C/r, and C > 0. In addition, a metal shell is attached to the surface of the outer cylinder, and it is grounded with the electric potential set to 0. Which of the following statements is true? (A) The electric field in the region R < r < 2R decays with r.(B) The electric potential in the region R <r < 2R decays linearly with r.(C) There is a positive surface charge residing on the inner surface of the outer cylinder.(D) The electric potential in the cavity region is 0.(E) None of the above.

51. For a particle in a three-dimensional cubic box with infinite potential walls, its energy level dependd on three quantum numbers. Let us denote these three quantum numbers by (n, I, m). Which of the following statements is true? (A) The energy of the particle only increases with the quantum number n. (B) The ground state energy is zero. (C) These quantum numbers have specified allowed ranges: n≥ 1, 0 ≤1≤n-1, -I ≤m ≤1. (D) The probability density function is uniform throughout the box. (E) None of the above is true.

52. An RLC circuit composed of a resistor, inductor, and capacitor connected in series with an AC voltage source. Which of the following statements is true? (A) The current always lags the voltage by 90°due to the inductor. (B) The current always lags the voltage by 90° due to the capacitor. (C) The current always lags the voltage by 90° due to the resistor. (D) The lag between the current and the voltage depends on the frequency of the AC voltage source. (E) None of the above is true.

55. A soccer ball has a mass of 0.4 kg. Initially, it moves to the left at a speed of 20 m/s, but is then kicked with a speed of 30 m/s, upwards and to the right 45°. Assuming that the collision time △t = 0.01 s, which of the following values most closely approximates the magnitude of the average kick force (in Newtons)? (A)5 (B)180 (D)1800 (C)500 (E)5000

56. A geosynchronous satellite is one that stays above the same point on the Earth's equator. Which of the following values is closest to the satellite's distance (km) from the Earth's center? (A)3✖10³(B)7✖10³(C)1✖10⁴(D)4✖10⁴(E)1✖10⁵

58. The Stirling engine cycle(A →B→ C→D) consists of 4 parts as shown in the figure on the right. A→B and C →Dare isothermal expansion and compression processes, respectively, while B →C and D →A are isochoric (fixed volume) processes. Assume that the Suppose a Stirling engine contains I mole of an ideal gas. Which of the following statements is incorrect?(A) The heat absorbed by the gas in one cycle is more than the heat released. (B) The change of entropy of the gas after one cycle is greater than zero. (C) The internal energy of the gas remains a constant during the segment A →B. (D) The internal energy of the gas drops during the segment B → C. (E) When the cycle is operated in reverse order, the environment has to do positive work to the gas.

59. For a particular bacterium, its population growth in a test tube can be well described by the equation:, where N is the bacterial population, which is always a finite number, and a, b, and c are positive numbers. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (A) After a sufficiently long time, the population will become a fixed but non-zero number. (B) The parameter b must be greater than a in order to ensure the population remains finite. (C) The parameters a and b have the same unit. (D) The rate of change in the population would oscillate and reach a steady state. (E) None of the above. 

60. A roller coaster has mass of 500 kg when fully loaded with passengers shown in the figure on the right. When the coaster passes through the bottom of a circular dip with a radius of 40 m (as shown in the figure) at a speed of 16.0 m/s. What is the magnitude of the force of the track on the coaster at the bottom of the dip? (A) 0 (B) 1700N (C) 3200N (D) 4900N(E) 8100N