13. What is the momentum of the scattered particle?
(A) h(1/λ − 1/λ')
(B) h(1/λ + 1/λ')
(C) −hc(1/λ + 1/λ')
(D) hc(1/λ − 1/λ')
(E) none of the above.

14. A planet is rotating about the sun in an elliptic orbit. If its speed at the perihelion (point I) is v, what is its speed at point II? (A)  (B) (C) [(a − b)/b]v (D) [(a + b)/b]v (E)

15. A fat wire of radius a carries a constant current I, which is uniformly distributed over its cross section. A narrow gap in the wire (of width w ≪ a) forms a parallel-plate capacitor. Inside this gap, the magnetic field at a distance s ＜ a from the central axis is (A) μ₀sI/(2πa²) (B) μ₀sI/a² (C) μ₀I/(2πs) (D) μ₀I/(2πa) (E) none of the above.

16.The process the air undergoes as it descends is approximately (A) isothermal (B) isobaric (C) adiabatic (D) constant-volume (E) free expansion.

17. During this process, (A) the internal energy of the air considered decreases (B) the internal energy of the air increases (C) the air volume expands (D) the air pressure drops down (E) none of the above happens.

18. The constant-volume specific heat CV (heat capacity per mole) for a diatomic ideal gas is shown in the following figure. Which of the following statements is correct? (A) Electronic excitations can be largely triggered at 2000K (B) Vibrational motion ceases at 50K (C) Vibrational excitations can be largely triggered at 300K (D) Rotational motion can be rarely found at 50K (E) All of the above statements are correct.

19. Consider two Carnot engines connected in series. The efficiency for the first engine is ε₁ while the efficiency for the second engine is ε₂. What is the overall efficiency of the combined system? (A) ε₁ + ε₂ (B) ε₁ε₂ (C) (ε₁ + ε₂)/2 (D) (E) ε₁ + ε₂ − ε₁ε₂

20. What is the bulk modulus (i.e., inverse compressibility) for a diatomic ideal gas measured from adiabatic compression/expansion? (γ = 1.4 for a diatomic ideal gas; P: pressure; ρ: density; T: temperature) (A) γT/P (B) γP/ρ (C) γP (D) P (E) none of the above.

1. In the figure, a uniform rectangular crate 0.40 m wide and 1.0 m tall rests on a horizontal surface. The crate weighs 1000 N, and its center of gravity is at its geometric center. A horizontal force F is applied at a distance h above the floor. If h = 0.8 m, what minimum value of F is required to make the crate start to tip over? (Static friction is large enough that the crate does not start to slide.) (A) 500 N(B) 750 N(C) 250 N(D) 625 N(E) 1000 N

2. A record is dropped vertically onto a freely rotating turntable (kinetic energy of the record is negligible). Frictional forces act to bring the record and turntable to a common angular speed. If the rotational inertia of the record is 0.66 times that of the turntable, what percentage of the initial kinetic energy is lost?(A) 40%(B) 34%(C) 56%(D) 66%(E) 19%

3. A 15-g bullet is shot vertically into a 2-kg block. The block lifts upward 8.0 mm. The bullet penetrates the block and comes to rest in it in a time interval of 0.0010 s. Assume the force on the bullet is constant during penetration and that air resistance is negligible. The kinetic energy of the bullet lost in the block is closest to (A) 14 J(B) 21 J(C) 0.16 J(D) 0.0012 J(E) 10 J

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