14. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of patent rights?
(A) Territoriality
(B) Exclusivity
(C) Perpetuity
(D) Transferability

15. Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Bolar Exception in patent law? (A) To allow competitors to manufacture and commercially sell patented products before the patent expires. (B) To permit activities necessary for obtaining regulatory approval of a product before patent expiration. (C) To grant an automatic extension of the patent term for pharmaceutical inventions. (D) To exempt universities from liability for all forms of patent infringement.

16. Under Taiwan patent practice, a divisional application is generally permissible only when: (A) The parent application has already matured into a patent right. (B) The parent application remains procedurally pending and the statutory requirements for division are satisfied. (C) The applicant intends to extend the patent term of the parent application. (D) The parent application has been finally rejected and all remedies have been exhausted.

17. In a patent infringement action before the Intellectual Property and Commercial Court, a Technical Examination Officer (TEO) prepares a technical report to assist the court in understanding the technology at issue. Which of the following statements is most accurate under R.O.C.'s Intellectual Property Case Adjudication Act? (A) The court may rely on the TEO's report as binding expert evidence without disclosing it to the parties. (B) The TEO may independently determine whether the patent is valid and issue a decision binding on the court. (C) The parties must be given an opportunity to review and respond to the TEO's opinions before the court relies upon them. (D) The TEO serves as a court-appointed expert witness and may be cross-examined in the same manner as a witness.

18. The extension of Taiwan's design patent term from 12 years to 15 years was primarily intended to: (A) Provide design patents with protection equivalent to copyright protection. (B) Align Taiwan's system with international trends and enhance protection for design-intensive industries. (C) Eliminate the need for substantive examination of design patents. (D) Permit perpetual protection for industrial designs.

19. One of the fundamental policy objectives of the patent system under the R.O.C. Patent Act is to balance private incentives and public interest. This objective is primarily achieved by: (A) Granting exclusive rights for a limited period in exchange for public disclosure of the invention. (B) Allowing patent owners to maintain technical information as trade secrets indefinitely. (C) Eliminating disclosure requirements once a patent is granted. (D) Extending patent protection whenever commercial success is demonstrated.

20. Under the R.O.C. Patent Act, the protection of design patents was expanded to cover certain digital image designs. Which of the following statements is most accurate? (A) Design patents protect only designs embodied in physical articles. (B) Digital image designs cannot be enforced against online infringement. (C) Design patents may protect qualifying digital image designs even when not permanently embodied in a physical product. (D) Digital image designs are subject to a shorter patent term than other design patents.

21. Under the R.O.C. Patent Act, which of the following subject matters would generally be eligible for an invention patent but not for a utility model patent? (A) A reinforced structure of a folding ladder. (B) A manufacturing process for producing semiconductor wafers. (C) A new configuration of components in a mechanical hand tool. (D) An improved shock-absorbing structure for a bicycle saddle.

22. Which of the following statements best distinguishes the functions of the Agreement on Trade- Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)? (A) The TRIPS Agreement establishes minimum standards for intellectual property protection, while the PCT provides a unified filing procedure for seeking patent protection in multiple jurisdictions. (B) The TRIPS Agreement allows applicants to obtain a worldwide patent, while the PCT establishes minimum patentability standards for member states. (C) Both the TRIPS Agreement and the PCT automatically grant patent rights in all contracting states. (D) Both the TRIPS Agreement and the PCT primarily govern patent infringement litigation and remedies.

23. Under the doctrine of patent exhaustion as recognized in Taiwan, which of the following statements is most accurate regarding parallel importation of patented products? (A) Parallel importation always constitutes patent infringement because the products were imported without the patentee's consent in Taiwan. (B) Parallel importation is prohibited unless the importer obtains a compulsory license. (C) Parallel importation is permitted only after the patent has expired. (D) Parallel importation is generally permitted when the patented products were lawfully placed on the market by the patentee or with the patentee's authorization.

24. In a patent infringement lawsuit governed by the R.O.C. Intellectual Property Case Adjudication Act, the plaintiff (patentee) requests the court to discover evidence hidden within the defendant's premises. The court decides to appoint an independent expert to conduct an on-site investigation. Which of the following terms correctly identifies this specialized role? (A) Technical Examination Officer (B) Verifier (C) Patent Examiner (D) Expert Witness

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