15. All of the following components of a retrovirus are encoded by the viral genome EXCEPT
(A) matrix proteins
(B) viral RNAS
(C) capsid proteins
(D) envelope lipids

16. Some viruses have increased the coding potential of their genome by (A) integrating into the host genome (B) using host ribosomes for translation (C) using alternative splicing sites (D) using a degenerative triplet code (E) covalently linking a protein to the genome

17. Which of the following is most likely to lead to a loss of gene function? (A) A missense mutation in the open reading frame (B) A change from a TAA codon to a TAG codon in the coding region (C) A change from T to C in the promoter region (D) A frameshift mutation in the coding region (E) A sequence change in the 3' untranslated region

複選題18. DNA polymerase contains a lysine residue that is important for binding to DNA. Mutations were found that converted this lysine to either aspartate, glutamate, glycine, valine, glutamine, or arginine. Which mutations would be predicted to be the most and least harmful to the ability of the enzyme to bind DNA?

19. The recognition site of the restriction endonuclease Aval is CPyCGPUG, where Py is any pyrimidine and Pu is any purine. What is the expected average distance, in nucleotide pairs, between Aval cleavage sites in a random DNA sequence? (A) 4,096 (B) 1,024 (C) 682 (D) 64 (E) 6

20. Transcription of gene X is controlled by transcription factor A. Gene X is only transcribed when factor A is phosphorylated. Data on the tissue distribution of factor A and the activities of a protein kinase and a protein phosphatase specific for factor A are presented in the table below.Of these three tissues, gene X will be transcribed in (A) muscle only (B) heart only (C) brain only (D) brain and heart only (E) muscle, heart, and brain

21. Which of the following are found only in organisms containing polycistronic mRNA? (A) Missense mutations (B) Polar mutations (C) Temperature-sensitive mutations (D) Alternative splicing sites

22. An E. coli strain lacking DNA polymerase I would be deficient in DNA (A) repair (B) methylation (C) splicing (D) degradation (E) transcription

23. Indicate the order in which the following steps occur in the production of a mature mRNA. (A) initiation of transcription, splicing, addition of 5" cap, addition of polyA. tail, transport to cytoplasm (B) initiation of transcription, addition of 5' cap, splicing, addition of polyA. tail, transport to cytoplasm (C) initiation of transcription, addition of polyA. tail, addition of 5' cap, splicing, transport to cytoplasm (D) initiation of transcription, addition of 5' cap, addition of polyA. tail, splicing, transport to cytoplasm

24. Assuming that there is single hormone-responsive regulatory element in the gene, that element is located between (A)-742 and -638 (B)-638 and -424 (C) -424 and-315 (D)-315 and -116 (E)-116 and -27

25. A new construct was made that began at -742 and was identical to that shown in the figure except that the sequences between -424 and -315 were inverted. In this new construct, which of the following are closest to the expected CAT activities in the absence and presence, respectively, of hormone? (A) 25 units/250 units (B) 25 units/25 units (C) 50 units/50 units (D) 5 units/50 units (E) 5 units/5 units

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