17. The patient was told to take the antibiotic exactly as prescribed; otherwise, the infection might ______.
(A) relapse
(B) regress
(C) remit
(D) collapse
(E) recede

18. The hospital implemented a new protocol to minimize "nosocomial infections," meaning infections acquired ______. (A) through contaminated food (B) during international travel (C) in a healthcare setting (D) from inherited genetic mutations (E) exclusively from insect bites

19. Choose the sentence with the most appropriate formal tone for a medical report. (A) The patient felt kinda dizzy and didn't sleep well. (B) The patient reports intermittent dizziness and poor sleep quality. (C) The patient was super tired and sort of light-headed. (D) The patient was dizzy, like, a lot of the time. (E) The patient was not okay and had bad sleep.

20. The most significant risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers in a bedridden patient is ______. (A) infrequent repositioning. (B) a high-protein diet. (C) the use of a specialized mattress. (D) adequate skin hydration. (E) regular active range-of-motion exercises.

21. A first-year medical student is learning how to take a patient's history. Which of the following questions is an example of a "leading question" that should generally be avoided? (A) "Can you describe the pain in your chest?" (B) "When did you first notice this rash?" (C) "The pain doesn't radiate to your left arm, does it?" (D) "What were you doing when the dizziness started?" (E) "On a scale of 1 to 10, how would you rate your pain?"

22. A new mother is concerned because her baby has a yellowish tint to the skin. The pediatrician explains that this is physiological ______, a common condition in newborns caused by the immaturity of the infant's liver enzymes. (A) bile duct (B) jaundice (C) anemia (D) arthritis (E) pneumonia

23. A patient's blood work shows a high concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a low concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). This profile is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis. The role of LDL in this process is primarily to ______ cholesterol in the walls of arteries. (A) remove (B) transport (C) deposit (D) annihilate (E) unsaturate

24. In the management of a patient with status asthmaticus, a doctor administers supplemental oxygen, nebulized albuterol (a beta-2 agonist), and intravenous corticosteroids. The primary mechanism of action of the corticosteroids in this acute setting is to reduce airway ______ and prevent late-phase reaction. (A) infantry (B) histamine (C) inflammation (D) stress (E) secretions

25. The antibiotic vancomycin is often referred to as a "drug of last resort" for serious Gram-positive infections. Its bactericidal effect is primarily achieved by ______ cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala precursors. (A) herborizing (B) resorting (C) habitating (D) inhibiting (E) exhibiting

26. A medical study finds a strong statistical association between daily coffee consumption and a reduced risk of developing Parkinson's disease. However, the study cannot prove that coffee drinking causes the reduction in risk. By which epidemiological maxim is this limitation of the study best summarized? (A) Correlation does not imply causation. (B) The dose makes the poison. (C) The population is the patient. (D) A random sample is the best sample. (E) The plural of anecdote is not data.

27. Hospitals increasingly rely on interdisciplinary teams to improve patient outcomes. Effective teamwork depends not only on individual expertise but also on shared mental models and clear role definitions. ______ When roles are poorly specified, tasks may be duplicated or neglected, and responsibility becomes diffuse. Communication failures are especially likely during handoffs, when critical details can be lost between shifts. Structured tools, such as SBAR, can reduce omissions by standardizing what information is conveyed. (A) Consequently, a hospital cafeteria should offer diverse meal options. (B) For instance, a pharmacist may focus on medication safety while a nurse monitors bedside changes. (C) However, laboratory machines are more accurate than clinicians. (D) In contrast, patients rarely ask questions during consultations. (E) Therefore, randomized trials should always be double-blinded.

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