2. Based on clinical situations, which kind of opioids owns the highest oral bioavailability?
(A) Hydromorphone
(B) Morphine
(C) Pethidine (meperidine)
(D) Oxycodone
(E) Tramadol

50. Based on clinical situations, which kind of opioids owns the highest oral bioavailability ? (A) Hydromorphone (B) Morphine (C) Pethidine (meperidine) (D) Oxycodone (E) Tramadol

15. Based on clinical situations, which kind of opioids owns the highest oral bioavailability ? (A) Hydromorphone (B) Morphine (C) Pethidine (meperidine) (D) Oxycodone (E) Tramadol

9. Based on clinical situations, which kind of opioids owns the highest oral bioavailability ? (A) Hydromorphone (B) Morphine (C) Pethidine (meperidine) (D) Oxycodone (E) Tramadol

16. Based on clinical situations, which kind of opioids owns the highest oral bioavailability: (A) Hydromorphone (B) Morphine (C) Pethidine (meperidine) (D) Oxycodone (E) Tramadol

3. Which following item is not a criterion for the diagnosis of migraine? (A) Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity (B) Unilateral location (C) Moderate or severe pain intensity (D) Throbbing/stabbing quality (E) All are criteria for diagnosis of migraine

4. A disadvantage to using carbamazepine is: (A) High dependency potential. (B) Hematological side effects. (C) Increased pain. (D) It is not as effective as other drugs. (E) Severity of depression.

5. A 52-year-old man complains of a sudden onset of severe, stabbing pain in the left jaw and cheek that subsides in less than a minute. He is pain-free during the intervals between attacks. Activities such as combing his hair and shaving can cause the onset of this facial pain. He is otherwise healthy. The most likely diagnosis is (A) trigeminal neuralgia (B) atypical facial pain (C) postherpetic neuralgia (D) vascular facial pain

6. A patient suffered from chronic low back pain with radiating to buttock, poster lateral thigh and lateral aspect of lower leg. Muscle weakness was observed in the extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior. Which lumbosacral root compression is the most likely ? (A) L2 root compression (B) L3 root compression (C) L4 root compression (D) L5 root compression (E) S1 root compression

7. Which neurological signs and symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) among the followings is the highest ? (A) Hyperesthesia/allodynia (B) Coordination deficits (C) Tremor (D) Muscle spasm (E) Paresis

8. Pain is a frequent consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). Which of the following statement is least likely: (A) Below-level neuropathic pain is most likely described as severe or excruciating months or years following initial injury. (B) Damage to the spinothalamic tracts is an important ingredient in the development of neuropathic pain following SCI. (C) Chronic musculoskeletal pain is common in tetraplegic patients after SCI. (D) Patients with cervical SCI are at risk of developing CRPS affecting upper limbs. (E) Below-level neuropathic pain is also referred to deafferentation pain. 2

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