27. The ability to write to a particular file is an example of a ______
(A) right
(B) privilege
(C) discretionary access control model
(D) permission 

28. Which of the following types of malware appears to be a useful piece of software, but in fact is malicious in nature? (A) Worm (B) Trojan (C) Adware (D) Logic bomb

29. Which of the following types of malware infects critical operating system files, often replacing them with malicious ones? (A) Rootkit (B) Trojan (C) Boot sector virus (D) Ransomware

30. One of your users calls you in a panic because he has just seen a pop-up message on his computer screen that states that all of the files on the system are encrypted, and that he must pay to have them decrypted or lose them forever. You back up the user's files on a daily basis and update the antivirus signatures every other day. What is the best course of action to take in this case? (A) Pay the fee the ransomware is asking for. (B) Notify the authorities at once and attempt to update the antivirus signature with the latest release. (C) Wipe the computer's hard drives and restore the user's files from backup. (D) Reboot the computer.

31. Which of the following attacks involves sending false IP-to-MAC address mappings to a host, causing it to communicate with the attacker's machine instead of the legitimate one? (A) XMAS attack (B) Pharming (C) DNS poisoning (D) ARP poisoning

32. In a watering hole type of attack, which web site is an attacker most likely compromise? (A) An organization's official web site (C) A user's social media site (B) A site with a name very similar to the victim's web site (D) A site frequented by the users of a victim organization to 

33. All of the following are characteristics of host hardening, except: (A) Minimum needed functionality (B) Maximum level of privileges for each user (C) Patched and updated (D) Removal of unnecessary applications

34. Which of the following should always be considered when configuring a host? (A) Allowing access to configuration of management interfaces and configuration utilities(B) Maximum functionality for user accounts(C) Principle of least privilege(D) Shared passwords for administrative groups of users

35.  You have an external DNS server that has been the target of a lot of traffic directed at SMTP lately. The server is required to make and respond to name resolution queries only. You examine the configuration of the server and find that the sendmail utility is configured and running on the host, and the server is also listening for inbound connections on TCP port 25. Which of the following actions should you take? (A) Disable sendmail and any other program using TCP port 25. (B) Configure sendmail to send and receive e-mail from designated hosts only. (C) Disable the name resolution services on the host. (D) Configure DNS service to block inbound e-mail into the host.

36. Which of the following systems is normally required in high-security environments, and is used to address multilevel security requirements? (A) 256-bit encryption (B) Biometric authentication (C) Single Sign-On capability (D) Trusted operating system

37. To prevent an application from being installed or executed on a host, ______be implemented. (A) blacklisting (B) greylisting (C) whitelisting (D) protected memory execution 

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