32. Descending inhibitory pathways typically involve which of the following neurochemical mechanisms EXCEPT?
(A) Noradrenergic
(B) Cholinergic
(C) Enkephalinergic
(D) Serotonergic

1. Descending inhibitory pathways typically involve which of the following neurochemical mechanisms EXCEPT? (A) Noradrenergic (B) Cholinergic (C) Enkephalinergic (D) Serotonergic

42. Descending inhibitory pathways typically involve which of the following neurochemical mechanisms EXCEPT? (A) Noradrenergic (B) Enkephalinergic (C) Serotonergic (D) Cholinergic

50. Descending inhibitory pathways typically involve which of the following neurochemical mechanisms EXCEPT? (A) Noradrenergic (B) Enkephalinergic (C) Serotonergic (D) Cholinergic

33. Which of the following statements concerning nociception is FALSE? (A) Overstimulation of pressure receptors results in the sensation of pain. (B) Nociceptors may be exteroceptors. (C) The sense organs for pain are free nerve endings. (D) Peripheral afferent pain fibers send projections to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

34. The stellate ganglion: (A) receives fibers whose cell bodies are located primarily at the C4-C7 levels of the spinal cord (B) is primarily a parasympathetic ganglion (C) may be blocked with little danger of complications (D) lies at the level of high cervical vertebra (E) is a fusion of the inferior cervical and upper thoracic ganglia

35. The formal presentation of Myofascial Pain syndrome diagnostic criteria includes each of the following, EXCEPT (A) Resolution of the symptoms after Trigger Point Injection with local anesthetic (B) Widespread body pain (C) Limited ROM of the affected muscle or muscles (D) Referral pain is evident (E) Twitch response and Trigger Points are the common features

36. What is the following description about tension-type headache is FALSE? (A) may be associated with stress (B) associated with vomiting (C) bilateral (D) most common in adolescence (E) pain may involve teeth, forehead & neck

37. Which following item is not a criterion for the diagnosis of migraine? (A) Aggravation by or causing avoidance of routine physical activity (B) Unilateral location (C) Moderate or severe pain intensity (D) Throbbing/stabbing quality (E) All are criteria for diagnosis of migraine

38. In neuropathic pain, the hyperexcitability demonstrated by wide-dynamic range cells in the dorsal horns seems to be related to increase basal release of excitatory amino acids, such as (A) Dopamine (B) Glutamate. (C) Acetylcholine. (D) GABA. (E) Norepinephrine.

39. Which of the following is the acceptable statement about neurodestructive RF lesions? (A) These temperatures are resulted from friction heat. (B) The size of RF lesion with 22 gauge RF needle is around with a radius of 5 mm (C) The heat is generated on the tip of RF needle. The RF needle then heat up the tissues. (D) The RF permanent neurodestructive lesion is formed when neural temperatures exceed 42°C (E) All of the above

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