33. The retroviruses, including HIV, are unique because they do reverse __
(A) replication.
(B) transcription.
(C) splicing.
(D) translation.

34. There are _________usually found in the genetic code.(A) 3 start codons and 1 stop codon(B) 2 start codons and 2 stop codons(C) 1 start codon and 3 stop codons(D) 0 start codons and 4 stop codons

35. The appearance of a novel phenotype resulting from the substitution of a single base pair might be due to(A) change in the amino acid sequence only.(B) change in the amount of protein expressed.(C) alteration in a gene that codes for a nontranslated RNA.(D) All of the choices are possible consequences of a single base pair substitution.

36. The ribosome has three distinct sites E, P and A. During elongation of a protein, in which site is the growing peptide chain found?(A) E site(B) P site(C) A site(D) Any site, it makes not difference.

37. When bacteria are grown in the presence of lactose, (A)CAMP-CRF protein binds upstream of the promoter and increases transcription through recruitment of RNA polymerase. (B)CAMP-CRF protein is bound to lactose and is active and activates transcription through physical interference with the repressor. (C)the lac repressor is bound to allolactose, is now inactive and unable to bind the operon; thereby allowing RNA polymerase access to initiate transcription. (D) the lac repressor is bound to allolactose, is now inactive and unable to bind the operon; thereby allowing CAP protein access to the promoter and increasing the rate of transcription.

38. In the lac operon, which region of the operon does the repressor bind?(A) Promoter(B) Operator(C) CAMP-CRF binding site(D) +1 start of transcription

39. TFIID is one of the basal transcription factors to bind the promoter during the assembly of the pre-initiation complex, which ofthe following statements about TFIID is FALSE?(A)TFIID distorts the DNA duplex when it binds.(B)TFIID binds the TATA box in promoters.(C)TFIID binds the DNA only after basal transcription factors have bond the promoter region.(D)TFIID binds Inr and DPE elements in promoters.

40. A characteristic of RNA polymerase in humans that is different from bacterial RNA polymerase is(A) that in humans, there are three distinct nuclear RNA polymerases and only one in bacteria.(B) that in bacterial RNA polymerase is directly recruited to the promoter but in human RNA polymerase is recruited to apre-initiation complex.(C) that in human RNA polymerase many additional transcription factors must bind the promoter first before RNA polymerase isrecruited; whereas in bacteria only the sigma factor is required.(D) All the above are characteristics of RNA polymerase that differ between human and bacteria.

1. Which of the following scientists was the first to describe transposon?(A) Mendel; (B) Morgan; (C) McClintock; (D) Miescher; (E) Avery

2. Which of the following enzymes can destroy the RNA in a solution?(A) ribonuclease; (B) trypsin; (C) ATPase; (D) deoxyribonuclease; (E) Kinase.

3. Which of following codons would not be recognized as a stop coden fortranslation?(A) AUG; (B) UĄG; (C) UAA; (D) UGA; (E) none of the choices are correct.

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