38. _________ Athletes who are going to be active for a long time often eat large amounts of carbohydrates before competing. The most beneficial carbohydrates come from vegetable sources such as wheat, corn, and beans. Sugars are also a form of carbohydrates, but the body uses them quickly and without much benefit.
(A) Carbohydrates give us energy.
(B) The most useful carbohydrates come from vegetables such as wheat and corn.
(C) Food is made up of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
(D) Our bodies need basically four types of nutrients from food: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins and minerals.

39. Children gain knowledge about the world around them in part from observation and experience. To understand the world, a child needs firsthand experience with many opportunities to observe, to experiment, and to get hands dirty. While experience counts for much, book learning is also important, for it helps bring coherence and order to a child's scientific knowledge. Only when topics are presented systematically and clearly can children make steady and secure progress in their scientific learning. A systematic approach that combines experience with book learning can help provide essential building blocks for deeper understanding at a later time. _________ (A) It can also provide the kind of knowledge that one is not likely to gain from observation. (B) The child's development of scientific knowledge and understanding is a very disorderly and complex process. (C) From their very first day in school, students should be actively engaged in learning to view the world scientifically. (D) However, experience is generally considered much less important than book learning by educators.

40. _________ Its reliance on foreign sources is apparent every day in the year. Take sugar. Cane sugar ranks first in value among imported foodstuffs. Or take coffee. Coffee drinking couldn't be an American habit if it cut off imports from Brazil. The U.S. gets much of printing ink from Canada, otherwise it wouldn't have its newspaper. The chief source of raw silk is Japan. A wrist watch sold in the States may or may not be a Swiss watch, but the inner movements are probably imported. Ninety percent of them are. (A) The U.S. depends on a large number of foreign countries for labor. (B) Although the U.S. is a rich and powerful nation, it depends upon foreign sources for most of its raw material. (C) The U.S. is a rich and plentiful nation; nevertheless, it relies upon foreign sources for many commodities of famous brands. (D) In the U.S., ninety percent of watches and similar items are imported.

41. The worker termites perform all the labor for the community. They tend the fungus gardens and harvest the crops; they take care of and domesticate other insects and milk them much as we milk cows; they feed the queen and other termites and keep them well groomed; _________ (A) and they work and live in the dark and hate the light. (B) and they had a good reputation for building nests which are sturdy and air-conditioned. (C) and they must have contact with the soil in order to survive. (D) and they build complicated nests which are sturdy and air-conditioned.

42. Adults have some advantages in education. __________ Because they have the experience of life, they know what knowledge will be useful to them and what will not. If they cannot read or write, they have experienced the problems that illiteracy can cause. If they cannot do their jobs well, they have experienced the loss of income or of job opportunities that lack of vocational training can cause. Adults have usually accumulated a wealth of experience of life in general that can help them in learning. They have more practical, everyday experience that can help them understand what they learn in school. (A) Adult learners often know how to hide their inability from others. (B) Adult learners often have jobs and families. (C) Adult learners often know how important reading and writing are for their work. (D) Adult learners often know exactly what they need to learn.

43. Reading is primarily a silent activity. Students need to process the reading independently of others. This is not to say that in some cases the teacher may not need to read the text aloud. However, students should not be asked to read aloud. __________ When students read aloud, it prevents them from reading for meaning and forces them to read word by word, which is not the way efficient readers read. (A) Reading aloud is especially important for young readers. (B) Reading should be interesting, relevant and meaningful. (C) Reading is an activity in which the reader extracts information from print. (D) Reading lessons are opportunities to teach pronunciation for many teachers.

44. Sometimes a huge mass of snow slides down a mountain side. This is an avalanche. Avalanches happen when the snow on the mountain is disturbed by wind, earth movements, loud noises, or even by people skiing. __________ Dry snow avalanches move faster than wet snow -- at over 100 miles per hour. (A) The avalanche gets bigger as it slides down the mountain, carrying with it rocks and fallen trees. (B) Therefore, it is imperative that people should take precautions before they go on a skiing trip. (C) Avalanches cost hundreds of lives each year. (D) There is no way so far to prevent avalanches from happening.

45. The movie trilogy of The Lord of the Rings is a New Zealand production. The Maori and all New Zealanders have a strong respect for the land and various specific requirements are set up to protect their environment. There was a phrase that became a watchword on the film: “All that we ever leave behind are the footprints.” There was another reason to respect the natural environment used in the film. The author of the novel The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien, witnessed the devastating effects of industrialization and the way in which it changed, and even destroyed, great areas of the previously untouched English countryside that he knew and loved. _________(A) It goes without saying that he would have mistaken this landscape for the old English countryside that was no more. (B) Because of this, it seemed especially fitting that we should show our respect for this landscape and acknowledge that it was far more than a series of movie sets. (C) By all means, we have to convince people that all waste and garbage has to be removed and that everything has to remain the same. (D) Therefore, for any film-maker wanting to shoot on location in New Zealand, the commitment, in terms of extra budget and personnel, can be considerable.

46. (A) A person can make a list of his/her good points and look at it whenever his/her self-esteem needs a boost. (B) This self-respect causes the individual to feel a sense of self-worth, a good feeling about himself/herself. (C) The same principle applies to self-respect as well as to love of others. (D) The thrill of accomplishment motivates one to seek for more knowledge.

47. (A) Success in establishing a good routine leads to increased confidence and happiness allround, making all the hard work well worth the effort.(B) A confident person can feel pleased at other people’s success, safe in the knowledge thathe/she is successful in his/her own way.(C) It is the education, skill and talent of people that will determine a person’s future success.(D) The outer quality or symbol of success can also take various forms: money, position,material possessions, or recognition.

48. (A) A successful person puts into practice the things he/she learns.(B) Inner and outer qualities define the successful person.(C) Success is still a long way off.(D) A successful person is someone standing for what is religious, virtuous, and honorable.

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