39. According to the passage, (A) the Hindus believe that souls move ever closer to ultimate perfection with each successive life. (B) the idea of transmigration has its roots in the Western world. (C) Hinduism is based on the belief that each soul came form and seeks to return to an ocean of divinity. (D) the idea of transmigration has its roots in the Renaissance.

43. In line 22, the word “increase” could best be replaced by (A) proliferation (B) diffusion (C) secretion (D) absorption 44~50 題行數 Bathed in estrogen in the womb, all fetuses begin life as females. The male 1 of the species is created about two months after conception when a burst of testosterone produces the masculine sex organs. With no need for such a cataclysmic event to create her primary sexual infrastructure, the female experiences her first hormonal surge at puberty when an upswing in estrogen ripens her reproductive tract and proclaims her maturity to the world by 6 producing breasts and the monthly cycle whose advent, in all cultures, is recognized as a major life event. Estrogen, then, is the source of womanhood. But it also plays a central, and rather surprising, role in women’s health beyond reproduction. It has been shown to promote certain diseases like cancers of the breast and endometrium and to 11 ward off others like heart disease and osteoporosis. Indeed, researchers are beginning to see estrogen as a powerful elixir, affecting the growth of a woman’s cells, her bone density, her cholesterol levels, her youthfulness, and even her perception and coordination. Yet, as medical science is discovering its many roles in a woman’s life, society is blithely attempting to ignore estrogen’s signals. 16 For all its attractions, the life of the modern woman runs directly counter to the impulses of the hormones and to the ways of the female ancestors. Never before in history have women come into puberty so early, yet borne so few children, had those children so late and then lived so long after menopause. Yet women are attempting to reforge their identities as if their essential body 21 chemistry had no bearing on the matter, as if womanhood had no biological definition. The truth is, all human beings are shaped by their hormones as surely as life is powered by the sun.

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