39. Indicate the type of hybrid orbitals used by the central atom in BrF₃.
(A) sp
(B) sp²
(C) sp³
(D) sp³d

40. The number of pi bonds in the oxalate ion (C2O42–) is (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

41. Which of the following molecular changes is necessary for mass spectrometry to occur? (A) excitation of an electron from the ground state to higher energy state (B) change of alignment of an electron in a magnetic field (C) change of alignment of a proton in a magnetic field (D) loss of an electron

42. Which of the following m/z values is the molecular ion for 2-butanone? (A) 29 (B) 43 (C) 57 (D) 72

43. Which of the following statements best explains the information we can gain from mass spectrometry? (A) It allows us to determine the number of protons in a compound. (B) It allows us to determine the kinds of functional groups in a compound. (C) It allows us to determine the molecular weight and the mass of some fragments of a compound. (D) It allows us to determine the presence and nature of a carbocation in the compound.

44. What m/z value would you predict for the most stable fragment peak in the mass spectrum of 4-ethylheptane? (A) 128 (B) 127 (C) 113 (D) 99

45. Which of the following is not a major peak in the MS of isopentane? (A) 29 (B) 43 (C) 57 (D) 60

46. Which of the following statements best explains how a hydrocarbon can show an M+2 peak in mass spectrometry? (A) from 13C and 1H (B) from 12C and 2H (C) from a single 3H (D) from two 13C's

47. Which of the following characterizes the      unusually      intense peak of alkyl chlorides in MS spectrometry? (A) M + 1 peak (B) M + 2 peak (C) base peak (D) parent peak

48. Which compound's mass spectrum shows peaks at M, M+2, and M+4 whose abundances are in a ratio of 1:2:1? (A) chlorocyclohexane (B) 1,2-dichlorocyclohexane (C) 1-bromopentane (D) 1,5-dibromopentane

49. Which of the following m/z values is the base peak for benzyl alcohol? (A) 77 (B) 108 (C) 91 (D) 17

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