4. 某機構針對 100 位長輩舉辦了日文基礎課程，該機構想知道這些長輩們的日文程度是否有進步(以課程前和課程後認得的日文詞彙數目來測量)，請問下列哪種統計方式較合宜？
(A) 卡方檢定(chi-squared test)
(B) 路徑分析(path analysis)
(C) 成對樣本 t 檢定(paired sample t test)
(D) 存活分析(survival analysis)

5. 新北市某醫院分析該院一萬名當地患者的收入金額和睡眠時間，發現兩者皮爾森相關係數(Pearson's correlation coefficient)為 r=-.09，p<.001，請問這是一種： (A) 低度相關 (B) 高度相關 (C) 中度相關 (D) 隱性相關

6. 承上題，以下敘述何者正確： (A)該結果顯示兩者呈現正相關 (B)該結果在統計上顯著 (C)該結果呈現收入越高者的睡眠時間可能較多 (D)該結果可以適用於美國民眾

7. 某個國家的民眾收入分佈形狀如下(Y 軸為人數、X 軸為收入金額)，請問這是一種 (A)負偏分佈 (B)雙峰分佈 (C)U 型分佈 (D)正偏分佈

8. 承上題，如欲描述該國民眾收入的集中趨勢，用哪個統計量數較佳？ (A)平均數 (B)最大值 (C)中位數 (D)最小值

9. 下列何者不是離散量數？ (A)眾數 (B)標準差 (C)全距 (D)變異數

10. 某位研究者想比較男性選民和女性選民投票給某位候選人的比例是否有差異，請問以下哪種統計方法較為合適？ (A)雙因子變異數分析 (B)信度分析 (C)存活分析 (D)卡方檢定

1. A recent study reports that students who just finished playing a pro-social video game were more likely to help others than students who had played a neutral or anti-social game. For this study, what is the independent variable? (A) The students who were given the pro-social game. (B) The students who were given the neutral or anti-social game. (C) The kind of game given to the students. (D) The helping behavior of the students.

2. According to the Kuznets curve, inequality from early-industrial to highly-industrial societies: (A) Increases at first, stabilizes, then decreases again. (B) Increases at first, declines, then stabilizes at a relatively low level. (C) Increases at first, then stabilizes at a relatively high level. (D) Increases at first, stabilizes at a high level, then declines gradually. (E) Starts out stable for a long time, then gradually increases to a high level.

3. Which of the following best explains the relationship between wealth and income? (A) While income is influenced by race/ethnicity, gender, education, and age, wealth is independent of these variables. (B) Wealthy people almost always inherited their money; thus there is no relationship between wealth and income. (C) The same factors that limit people's income also limit their ability to accumulate wealth. (D) Income disparities between rich and poor have increased in the past three decades, whereas wealth disparities have decreased during the same time. (E) Education has a strong connection to income, but a weak relationship to wealth.

4. When you visit the 誠品 bookstore near the Taipei City Hall, you might want to dress in a certain way, pay attention to what other shoppers dress, and what kind of books they pick up to read. You might not take such great care if you visit a 金石堂 bookstore. In so doing, what you are trying to accomplish? (A) Boundary making (B) Distinction (C) Gender display (D) Identity formation

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