41. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
(A) Smaller grocery stores have completely replaced major supermarket chains by offering consumers environmentally friendly alternatives.
(B) The environmental problems caused by supermarkets can only be solved if governments introduce stricter regulations on food waste and plastic packaging.
(C) Although major supermarkets have begun responding to criticisms of food and plastic waste, more comprehensive efforts are still needed, and smaller retailers provide useful models for sustainable practices.
(D) Most supermarkets have already achieved their environmental goals by eliminating plastic packaging and greatly reducing food waste.

答案：登入後查看
統計： A(0), B(0), C(5), D(1), E(0) #3992795

詳解 (共 1 筆)

#7471557
1. Many major supermarket chains have come under scrutiny over the past decade for a range of unethical practices.

  • 翻譯：在過去十年間，許多大型連鎖超市因一系列不道德的行為而受到審查。
  • 重點單字：

    • scrutiny (n.) 審查；細看
    • unethical (adj.) 不道德的
  • 重點文法：come under scrutiny (受審查)；over the past decade 通常搭配現在完成式（have come）。
2. They have squandered tons of food, underpaid suppliers, and generated excessive plastic packaging, all of which have contributed to environmental degradation.

  • 翻譯：他們浪費了數噸食物、給予供應商過低的報酬，並產生了過多的塑膠包裝，所有這些都導致了環境惡化。
  • 重點單字：

    • squander (v.) 浪費；揮霍
    • excessive (adj.) 過度的；過量的
    • degradation (n.) 惡化；退化
  • 重點文法：all of which...（非限定關係代名詞子句），which 指代前面整段提及的三行為。
3. However, supermarkets and grocers are beginning to acknowledge these concerns.

  • 翻譯：然而，超市和雜貨店正開始承認這些疑慮。
  • 重點單字：

    • acknowledge (v.) 承認；注意到
4. In response to mounting consumer backlash against the vast amount of plastic waste created by packaging, several of the UK's largest supermarket chains have signed a pact committing to transform packaging and reduce plastic waste.

  • 翻譯：為了回應消費者對包裝產生的大量塑膠廢棄物日益強烈的抵制，英國幾家最大的連鎖超市簽署了一項條約，承諾改變包裝並減少塑膠廢棄物。
  • 重點單字：

    • mounting (adj.) 增加中的；上升的
    • backlash (n.) 強烈反彈；抵制
    • pact (n.) 協定；條約
  • 重點文法：In response to + N (為了回應...)；committing to + V-ing 中，to 為介系詞，後面接動名詞。
5. By pledging to reuse, recycle, or compost all plastic waste by 2025, they are beginning to accept greater responsibility for their environmental impact.

  • 翻譯：透過許諾在 2025 年前重覆使用、回收或堆肥處理所有塑膠廢棄物，他們開始對其環境影響承擔更大的責任。
  • 重點單字：

    • pledge (v.) 保證；許諾
    • compost (v.) 做成堆肥
  • 重點文法：By + V-ing (透過……方式)。
6. One leading supermarket has even announced plans to eliminate plastic packaging from its own-brand products by 2023.

  • 翻譯：一家領先的超市甚至宣佈計劃在 2023 年前消除其自有品牌產品中的塑膠包裝。
  • 重點單字：

    • eliminate (v.) 消除；淘汰
    • own-brand (adj.) 自有品牌的
7. Supermarkets have also responded to criticism over food waste by donating part of their food surplus.

  • 翻譯：超市也透過捐贈部分剩餘食物來回應對食物浪費的批評。
  • 重點單字：

    • surplus (n.) 剩餘；過剩
8. Nevertheless, charities estimate that they receive only 2% of the total surplus, suggesting that this measure is far from sufficient.

  • 翻譯：儘管如此，慈善機構估計他們僅收到總剩餘食物的 2%，這表明該措施遠遠不夠。
  • 重點單字：

    • sufficient (adj.) 充足的
  • 重點文法：suggesting that... 為分詞構句（表結果/補充說明）；far from + adj. (遠遠不...)。
9. Critics argue that supermarkets are still not doing enough.

  • 翻譯：批評人士認為，超市做得依然不夠。
10. Most retailers operate behind a veil of secrecy when asked to disclose precise figures on food waste.

  • 翻譯：當被要求公開食物浪費的精確數據時，大多數零售商都在神秘的面紗後運作（資訊不公開）。
  • 重點單字：

    • veil (n.) 面紗；掩飾
    • disclose (v.) 透露；公開
    • precise (adj.) 精確的
  • 重點文法：when asked to... 為 when they are asked to... 的簡化分詞構句。
11. Without greater transparency, it remains difficult to develop a systematic strategy for reducing waste and redistributing surplus food.

  • 翻譯：如果沒有更高的透明度，仍然難以制定減少浪費和重新分配剩餘食物的系統性策略。
  • 重點單字：

    • transparency (n.) 透明度
    • systematic (adj.) 系統性的
    • redistribute (v.) 重新分配
  • 重點文法：it remains + adj. + to V（虛主詞 it 引導後面的真主詞 to develop...）。
12. Meanwhile, smaller companies are taking the initiative by offering consumers more sustainable alternatives.

  • 翻譯：與此同時，較小的公司正採取主動，為消費者提供更永續的替代方案。
  • 重點單字：

    • take the initiative (v. phr.) 採取主動；主導
    • sustainable (adj.) 永續的
    • alternative (n.) 選擇；替代方案
13. Stores such as Berlin’s Original Unverpakt and London’s Bulk Market operate without plastic packaging, encouraging customers to bring reusable containers or compostable bags.

  • 翻譯：例如柏林的 Original Unverpakt 和倫敦的 Bulk Market 等店家，在無塑膠包裝的情況下營運，鼓勵顧客攜帶可重複使用的容器或可堆肥的袋子。
  • 重點單字：

    • container (n.) 容器
    • compostable (adj.) 可做成堆肥的
14. Online grocer Farmdrop dispenses with large warehouses and minimizes food surplus by delivering fresh produce directly from local farmers to customers each day using electric vehicles, while ensuring that farmers receive the lion’s share of the retail price.

  • 翻譯：線上雜貨商 Farmdrop 省去了大型倉庫，並透過每天使用電動車將新鮮農產品直接從當地農民送達顧客手中來極小化食物剩餘，同時確保農民獲得零售價的大部分收益。
  • 重點單字：

    • dispense with (v. phr.) 廢除；省去
    • the lion’s share (n. phr.) 最大份額；大部分
  • 重點文法：using... 及 ensuring... 皆為分詞構句。
15. There is no doubt that substantial progress is still needed to reduce both food waste and plastic waste.

  • 翻譯：毫無疑問，在減少食物浪費和塑膠廢棄物方面仍需要實質性的進展。
  • 重點單字：

    • substantial (adj.) 相當大的；實質的
16. Nevertheless, major supermarkets may draw inspiration from these smaller grocers and gradually move toward a more sustainable future for everyone.

  • 翻譯：儘管如此，大型超市可以從這些較小的雜貨商身上汲取靈感，並逐漸邁向所有人都能享有的更永續的未來。
  • 重點單字：

    • draw inspiration from (v. phr.) 從……汲取靈感

? 題目選項詳細解析

41. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

（下列何者最適合概括本篇文章的主旨？）

  • (A) Smaller grocery stores have completely replaced major supermarket chains by offering consumers environmentally friendly alternatives.

    • ❌ 錯誤：小型店家並未「完全取代 (completely replaced)」大型連鎖超市，文章僅提及小型店家提供了永續的替代方案。
  • (B) The environmental problems caused by supermarkets can only be solved if governments introduce stricter regulations on food waste and plastic packaging.

    • ❌ 錯誤：文章並未主張「唯有政府實施嚴格法規 (can only be solved if governments introduce...)」才能解決問題。
  • (C) Although major supermarkets have begun responding to criticisms of food and plastic waste, more comprehensive efforts are still needed, and smaller retailers provide useful models for sustainable practices.

    • ✅ 正確：精準概括全篇。前文提及大型超市雖有回應批評但仍不足，後半段提出小型零售商作為永續經營的良好典範。
  • (D) Most supermarkets have already achieved their environmental goals by eliminating plastic packaging and greatly reducing food waste.

    • ❌ 錯誤：超市尚未完全達成目標（許多承諾是 2023 或 2025 年），批評者也指出目前的努力遠遠不夠。

42. According to the passage, what is one reason critics believe supermarkets are still not doing enough to reduce food waste?

（根據文章，批評者認為超市在減少食物浪費方面做得還不夠的原因之一是什麼？）

  • (A) They require customers to purchase reusable containers before entering their stores.

    • ❌ 錯誤：文章並未提及大型超市要求顧客進店前購買可重複使用的容器（這僅是小型無包裝商店鼓勵顧客自備容器的作法）。
  • (B) They have refused to sign agreements to reduce plastic packaging by 2025.

    • ❌ 錯誤：內文第 4 句提到他們「已經簽署 (have signed)」協定承諾在 2025 年前減少塑膠。
  • (C) They continue to transport fresh produce using gasoline-powered vehicles instead of electric ones.

    • ❌ 錯誤：文章並未批評大型超市使用燃油車，使用電動車是 Farmdrop 這家小型線上雜貨商的作法。
  • (D) They do not disclose accurate figures on food waste, making it difficult to develop effective solutions.

    • ✅ 正確：對應文中第 10 及 11 句「Most retailers operate behind a veil of secrecy when asked to disclose precise figures on food waste. Without greater transparency, it remains difficult...」。

43. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

（根據文章，下列何者「不正確」？）

  • (A) One major supermarket has announced plans to remove plastic packaging from its ownbrand products by 2023.

    • ⭕ 正確敘述：符合第 6 句內容。
  • (B) Critics believe that donating surplus food alone is sufficient to solve the problem of food waste.

    • ✅ 答案（不正確的敘述）：文章第 8 句指出慈善機構僅收到 2% 的剩食，這項措施「far from sufficient（遠遠不夠）」，因此批評者不認為僅靠捐贈剩食就足夠。
  • (C) There is still a need to reduce food and plastic waste.

    • ⭕ 正確敘述：符合第 15 句「substantial progress is still needed...」。
  • (D) The author suggests that major supermarkets could learn from the practices adopted by smaller grocers.

    • ⭕ 正確敘述：符合最後一句「major supermarkets may draw inspiration from these smaller grocers...」。

44. What can be inferred from the passage?

（從文章中可以推論出什麼？）

  • (A) Small environmentally friendly grocers will eventually replace major supermarket chains throughout the UK.

    • ❌ 錯誤：無法推論小型店家會「最終取代 (will eventually replace)」大型連鎖超市。
  • (B) Consumer pressure is likely to remain an important force in encouraging supermarkets to adopt more sustainable business practices.

    • ✅ 正確：文中提到超市開始做出改變是為了「回應消費者日益強烈的抵制 (In response to mounting consumer backlash...)」，可合理推論消費者壓力是推動其邁向永續的重要力量。
  • (C) Once supermarkets fulfill their plastic reduction pledges, concerns about food waste will largely disappear.

    • ❌ 錯誤：塑膠減量與食物浪費是兩個獨立議題，達成塑膠目標並不代表食物浪費問題會消失。
  • (D) The primary obstacle to environmental sustainability is consumers' unwillingness to change their shopping habits.

    • ❌ 錯誤：文章指出主要障礙在於超市缺乏透明度（veil of secrecy）及不道德商業行為，而非消費者不願意改變習慣。

45. Which of the following sentences would serve as the best concluding sentence for the passage?

（下列哪一句最適合做為本篇文章的最佳結尾句？）

  • (A) Therefore, consumers should avoid shopping at large supermarkets and purchase food exclusively from local retailers.

    • ❌ 錯誤：語氣過於極端（exclusively 偏激），且文章意在希望大超市能借鏡改進，而非叫大家完全不要去大超市。
  • (B) As a result, governments should immediately impose stricter regulations on all supermarket chains to eliminate food and plastic waste.

    • ❌ 錯誤：全文偏向討論「企業責任」與「市場自發的永續替代方案」，未提及政府強制立法。
  • (C) Although meaningful progress has been made, lasting environmental improvement will require greater transparency and broader adoption of sustainable practices.

    • ✅ 正確：極為適合總結全文。呼應文章前半段提及的改進（progress）、批評者要求的透明度（transparency），以及後半段小型商店的永續作法（sustainable practices）。
  • (D) Consequently, environmental problems caused by supermarkets are expected to disappear once current recycling targets are achieved.

    • ❌ 錯誤：過於樂觀且不符合事實，單靠達到回收目標無法讓所有環境問題消失。
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