8. A paint sprayer pumps air through a constriction in a 2.50-cm diameter pipe, as shown in the figure. The flow causes the pressure in the constricted area to drop and paint rises up the feed tube and enters the air stream. The speed of the air stream in the 2.50-cm diameter sections is 5.00 m/s. The density of the air is 1.29 kg/m³, and the density of the paint is 1200 kg/m³ . We can treat the air and paint as incompressible ideal fluids. What is the maximum diameter of the constriction that will allow the sprayer to operate?
(A)12.2mm，
(B)9.65 mm,
(C) 14.3 mm,
(D) 4.05 mm,
(E) 8.07 mm. 

9. A hot piece of iron is thrown into the ocean and its temperature eventually stabilizes. Which of the following statements concerning this process is correct? (A) The ocean gains less entropy than the iron loses. (B) The change in the entropy of the iron-ocean system is zero. (C) The entropy lost by the iron is equal to the entropy gained by the ocean. (D) The entropy gained by the iron is equal to the entropy lost by the ocean. (E) The ocean gains more entropy than the iron loses.

10. A spaceship approaches the earth with a speed 0.50c. A passenger in the spaceship measures his heartbeat as 70 beats per minute. What is his heartbeat rate (beats per minute) according to an observer that is at rest relative to the earth? (A) 69,(B) 73,(C)80,(D) 65,(E) 61.

11. A heat engine performs the reversible cycle abca with 9.0 moles of an ideal gas, as shown in the figure. Path ca is an adiabatic process. The temperatures at points a and b are 300 K and 500 K, respectively. The volume at point c is 0.20 m3. The adiabatic constant of the gas is 1.60. The thermal efficiency of this engine is closest to (A)0.13, (B) 0.10, (C) 0.16, (D) 0.07, (E) 0.19.

12. A cylinder contains 1.2 moles of ideal gas, initially at a temperature of 116℃. The cylinder is provided with a frictionless piston, which maintains a constant pressure of 6.4 x 105 Pa on the gas. The gas is cooled until its temperature has decreased to 27℃. For the gas Cy= 11.65 J/molㆍK, and the ideal gas constant R = 8.314 J/mol.K. (A) The work done by the gas during this process is 890 J. (B) The work done on the gas during this process is 890 J. (C) The change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas during this process is +1200 J. (D) The heat transferred from the gas during this process is -1200 J. (E) The heat transferred to the gas during this process is +2100 J.

13. A certain particle's energy is measured by a detector to within 1.0 x 10-18 J. What is the minimum uncertainty we can have in its arrival time at the detector? ( Plank constant, h= 6.626 x 10-34Jㆍs) (A) 1.1 x 10-12s, (B) 1.1 x 10-16s, (C) 1.1 x 10-15s, (D) 1.1 x 10-13s, (E) 1.1 x 10-14s.

14. The wave function for a particle must be normalizable because (A) the particle must be somewhere. (B) the particle's angular momentum must be conserved. (C) the particle's charge must be conserved. (D) the particle's momentum must be conserved. (E) the particle cannot be in two places at the same time.

15. In the circuit shown in the figure, the capacitors are initially uncharged. The switch is first thrown to position A and kept there for a long time. It is then thrown to position B. Let the charges on the capacitors be Q1, Q2, and Q3 and the potential differences across them be V1, V2, and V3. Which of the following conditions must be true with the switch in position B?(A) Q1=Q2=Q3,(B) V2=V2=V3,(C)V1+V2=V3,(D) Q1+Q2 =Q3, (E) V3 =V0

16. Two long conducting cylindrical shells are coaxial and have radii of 20 mm and 80 mm. The electric potential of the inner conductor, with respect to the outer conductor, is +600 V. What is the maximum electric field magnitude between the cylinders? (k = 1/4πεo = 8.99 x 109Nㆍm2/C2) (A) 22,000 V/m, (B) 18,000 V/m, (C) 10,000 V/m, (D) 14,000 V/m, (E) 26,000 VIm.

17. In a certain region, the electric potential due to a charge distribution is given by the equation V(x.y) = 2xy - x2 - y, where x and y are measured in meters and V is in volts. At which point is the electric field equal to zero? (A) x=0.5 m,y=0.5 m (B) x=0m,y=0m (C) x=1m,y=1m (D) x=0.5 m,y=1 m (E) x=1m,y=0.5m

18. A long straight very thin wire on the y-axis carries a 10-A current in the positive y-direction. A circular loop 0.50 m in radius, also of very thin wire and lying in the yz-plane, carries a 9.0-A current, as shown. Point P is on the positive x-axis, at a distance of 0.50 m from the center of the loop. What is the magnetic field vector at point P due to these two currents? (μ0 =4πx 10-7 T m/A) (A) zero (B) -8.0 x10-6Tk (C)(+4.0x10-6T)i- (4.0 x10-6T)k (D) (-8.0x10-6T)i - (8.0 x 10-6T)k (E)(-4.0x10-6T)i-(4.0 x10-6T)k

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