8. Select the correct electron configuration for Cu (Z = 29).
(A) [Ar]4s²3d⁹
(B) [Ar]4s¹3d¹⁰
(C) [Ar]4s²4p⁶3d³
(D) [Ar]4s²4d⁹
(E) [Ar]5s²4d⁹

9. Consider the set of isoelectronic atoms and ions A2-, B-, C, D+, and E2+. Which arrangement of relative radii is correct? (A) A2- > B- > C > D+ > E2+ (B) E2+ > D+ > C > B- > A2- (C) A2- > B- > C < D+ < E2+ (D) A2- < B- < C > D+ > E2+ (E) None of these is correct.

10. If a molecule demonstrates paramagnetism, then : I. The substance can have both paired and unpaired electrons. II. The bond order is not a whole number. III. It can be determined by drawing a Lewis structure. IV. It must be an ion. (A)I, II (B) I, II, IV (C) II, III (D) I only (E) All of the above are correct.

11. Predict the ideal bond angles around nitrogen in N2F2 using the molecular shape given by the VSEPR theory. (N is the central atom.) (A) 90° (B) 109° (C) 120° (D) 180° (E) between 120 and 180°

12. Which of the following molecules has a net dipole moment? (A) BeCl2 (B) SF2 (C) KrF2 (D) CO2 (E) CCl4

13. Valence bond theory predicts that xenon will use _____ hybrid orbitals in XeOF4. (A) sp (B) sp2 (C) sp3 (D) sp3d (E) sp3d2

14. According to molecular orbital (MO) theory, the twelve outermost electrons in the O2 molecule are distributed as follows: (A) 12 in bonding MOs, 0 in antibonding MOs. (B) 10 in bonding MOs, 2 in antibonding MOs. (C) 9 in bonding MOs, 3 in antibonding MOs. (D) 8 in bonding MOs, 4 in antibonding MOs. (E) 7 in bonding MOs, 5 in antibonding MOs.

15. Which of the following statements relating to molecular orbital (MO) theory is incorrect? (A) Combination of two atomic orbitals produces one bonding and one antibonding MO. (B) A bonding MO is lower in energy than the two atomic orbitals from which it is formed. (C) Combination of two 2p orbitals may result in either σ or π MOs. (D) A species with a bond order of zero will not be stable. (E) In a stable molecule having an even number of electrons, all electrons must be paired. 

16. One can safely assume that the 3s- and 3p-orbitals will form molecular orbitals similar to those formed when 2s- and 2p-orbitals interact. According to molecular orbital theory, what will be the bond order for the Cl2+ ion? (A) 0.5 (B) 1 (C) 1.5 (D) 2 (E) None of these choices is correct.

17. Consider three 1-L flasks at STP. Flask A contains NH3 gas, flask B contains NO2 gas, and flask C contains N2 gas. Which contains the largest number of molecules? (A) Flask A (B) Flask B (C) Flask C (D) All are the same (E) None of these choices is correct.

18. In which flask are the molecules least polar and therefore most ideal in behavior? (A) Flask A (B) Flask B (C) Flask C (D) All are the same (E) None of these choices is correct.

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