(1) For the Trump 2.0 universal tariffs on all imports, please graphically analyze the impact of the universal tariffs on the equilibrium interest rate, exchange rate, general price level, net export and GDP of the U.S. economy. (10%)

(2) Compared to high-income households, please explain why Trump 2.0 tariffs can be viewed as a "regressive tax", instead of an aggressive tax to the household sector. (5%)

(3) Please explain the impact of Trump 2.0 selective tariffs on US inflation and a targeted country's economic activity. (10%)

(4) Please graphically analyze the impact of Trump 2.0 tariffs on the equilibrium interest rate, exchange rate, general price level, net export and GDP of the Taiwan economy. (10%)

1. (20%) Consider an RSA cryptographic system with the public key \( (n, e) = (649, 387) \). First, find prime numbers \( p \) and \( q \) such that \( n = pq \). Second, find the value of \( d \) in the private key \( (n, d) \). Third, decrypt the ciphertext 10 into plaintext. Fourth, encrypt the plaintext 351 into ciphertext. Finally, answer the question "Is it possible to find more than one values of \( d \) in the range \( 0 < d < (p - 1)(q - 1) \) that works in decryption?" If your answer is YES, find all possible values of \( d \); if your answer is NO, give a brief proof.

2. (20%) Answer the questions about the following graph. Is it a planar graph? Does it have a Euler circuit? Does it have a Euler path? Does it have a Hamilton circuit? Does it have a Hamilton path? Prove your answers.

3. (10%) Solve the recurrence relation \( na_n - (n+1)a_{n-1} = 1 \) with the initial condition \( a_0 = 1 \).

(a)(5%) The nonsingular matrix A can be reduced to row echelon form with a finite number of elementary row operations. Thus \( U = E_k E_{k-1} \cdots E_1 A \), where \( U \) denotes the upper triangular matrix, and \( E_n \) represents the elementary matrix, \( n = 1, \dots, k \). Then \( \det(U) = \det(E_k)\det(E_{k-1}) \cdots \det(E_1)\det(A) \). Use the above two equations, first find \( U \) and then compute \( \det(A) \) for the above linear system.

(b) (5%) (Triangular Factorization problem) Let \( A = LU \), where \( L \) and \( U \) denote the lower triangular matrix and upper triangular matrix, respectively. Find \( L \).

(c) (5%) Express the linear system in matrix representation \( A\vec{x} = \vec{b} \), then solve the linear system by computing \( A^{-1} \).

(d) \( (5\%) \) Solve the linear system using Cramer's Rule.

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