(d) Logging in to a remote computer.

請將下面兩段文章翻譯成中文(共100分) A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m could be different from n). This formula holds true for monosaccharides. Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxyl aldehydes and ketones. The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of 'saccharide', a group that includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. Nanocellulose has gained much attention recently for its potential applications in material science, biomedicine, agriculture, and food packaging. Nanocellulose is a natural and unique material composed of nanosized cellulose fibrils with a high aspect ratio (length to width) and can self-assemble into well-defined architectures at the nano- or macro-scale. Nanocellulose is one of the most abundant and sustainable nanobiomaterials in nature. In particular, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are made from wood-derived fibers, hence they have a low environmental impact for their production and disposal.

1. Given a three-dimensional flow field as\( V = 3ti + xj + ty^2k \)Find the local acceleration, convective acceleration, and total acceleration of a particle when it passes the location \( (x, y, z) = (1, 1, 1) \) in meters, at time \( t = 1 \) sec. (20%)

2. Water flows in a rectangular channel that is 3.0m wide as shown in Fig. 1. The upstream depth is 70mm, and the water surface rises 40mm as it passes over a portion where the channel bottom rises 10mm. If viscous effects are negligible, what is the flowrate?(20%)

3. The concrete dam of Fig. 2 weighs 23.6KN/m3 and rests on a solid foundation. Determine the minimum coefficient of friction between the dam and the foundation required to keep the dam from sliding at the water depth shown. Assume no fluid uplift pressure along the base. Base your analysis on a unit length of the dam.(20%)Fig. 2

(1) 基於哪四個條件之流況，才可以用伯努利方程式來分析？ (8%)

(2) 推導伯努利方程式時，沿著流線方向之受力只有壓力和重力需要被考慮，這是基於哪一個條件？(3%)

(3)推導伯努利方程式時，有用到加速度 \( a = v \frac{\partial V}{\partial s} \) 之公式，這是基於哪兩個條件？ (6%)

(4) 推導白努利方程式時，最後把 \( \frac{1}{2}d(V^2) + gdz + \frac{dP}{\rho} = 0 \) 沿著流線方向積分 \( \frac{V^2}{2} + gz + \frac{P}{\rho} = c \)，是基於哪一個條件？ (3%)

(1) 圖中的A點和B點，均距容器底部20cm，這兩點之相對壓力(絕對壓力減大氣壓力)分別為多少kgf/m2？(10%)

(2) 卡榫至少要能承受多大的力，小門才不會被翻開？(10%)

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