四、Please elaborate the origins of the Vietnam War and the reason of American intervention in the war. (18 points)

二、During the Russia-Ukraine conflict, multiple reports indicated that both Russian and Ukrainian armed forces have used cluster munitions. These weapons, upon detonation, disperse a large number of submunitions, can produce strategic deterrent effects. However, due to their lack of precision, they often cause extensive and indiscriminate harm in populated area. Furthermore, cluster munitions have a high failure rate, frequently resulting in unexploded ordnance (UXO), also known as "duds," which pose a significant threat to civilians long after the conflict ends. The 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM) explicitly prohibits the use, development, stockpiling, acquisition, transfer and production of such weapons, but neither Russia nor Ukraine is a State Party to the Convention.Please analyze whether the use of cluster munitions complies with the rules of international humanitarian law.（25 分）

四、Please elaborate the origins of the Vietnam War and the reason of American intervention in the war. (18 points)

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