1. To many persons living in large metropolitan areas, commuting to work can befrustrating. They view traffic congestion as a serious problem. To others,congestion is a natural consequence of human behavior and not something toworry about. Please explore the concept of traffic congestion as a problem thatmay or may not need attention. In other words, define it from a number ofdifferent perspectives.(25%)

2. Providing spare parts and tools to the government is a big business, andapparently a profitable one. In recent years, however, there have beenaccusations that the prices of spare parts have been inflated by some suppliers,with the government paying hundreds of dollars each for single hammers,screwdrivers, wrenches, and similar items. Although a number of committees andcommissions have examined this issue, reports of such abuses continue tosurface. Stopping this spare-parts abuse is apparently a complicated undertaking.You will not be asked to solve this problem, but if you were to be assigned thistasks, what criteria should be used for judging alternatives? Identify, describe,and justify the technical, economic, political, and administrative criteria youbelieve should be used in such an analysis.(25%)

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