4. A line diagram of pH combination electrode (a cell) can be written as follows:Explain the principle for the measurement of pH (of external solution) by the cell.(8分)

V. Essay Writing (30%)Scott Young is widely known for his remarkable learning projects. Most notably, he completed the equivalent of MIT’sfour-year computer science program in only one year without being enrolled as a regular student. Instead, he relied primarily onself-directed learning and online resources.Some people believe that formal classroom instruction remains the most effective way to learn, while others argue thatmotivated learners can achieve equal or even better results through independent study.Which approach do you think is more effective: formal classroom learning or self-directed learning? Explain your opinionwith specific reasons and examples. Your essay should be 200-250 words in length.

4. A line diagram of pH combination electrode (a cell) can be written as follows:
Explain the principle for the measurement of pH (of external solution) by the cell.(8分)

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