4. What are the differences between standard addition and internal standards in quantitative analysis? (5分)

1. A hospital obtains 50% of its flu vaccine from Company A, 40% from Company B, and 10% from Company C. From past experience, it is known that 4% of the vials from A are ineffective, 3% from B are ineffective, and 6% from C are ineffective. The hospital tests five vials from each shipment. If at least one of the five is ineffective, find the conditional probability of that shipment's having come from B. (10%)

4. What are the differences between standard addition and internal standards in quantitative analysis? (5分)

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