109年 - [無官方正解]109 國立臺北大學_碩士班一般入學考試試題_社會學系：社會學#147944

1. A recent study reports that students who just finished playing a pro-social video game were more likely to help others than students who had played a neutral or anti-social game. For this study, what is the independent variable? (A) The students who were given the pro-social game. (B) The students who were given the neutral or anti-social game. (C) The kind of game given to the students. (D) The helping behavior of the students.

2. According to the Kuznets curve, inequality from early-industrial to highly-industrial societies: (A) Increases at first, stabilizes, then decreases again. (B) Increases at first, declines, then stabilizes at a relatively low level. (C) Increases at first, then stabilizes at a relatively high level. (D) Increases at first, stabilizes at a high level, then declines gradually. (E) Starts out stable for a long time, then gradually increases to a high level.

3. Which of the following best explains the relationship between wealth and income? (A) While income is influenced by race/ethnicity, gender, education, and age, wealth is independent of these variables. (B) Wealthy people almost always inherited their money; thus there is no relationship between wealth and income. (C) The same factors that limit people's income also limit their ability to accumulate wealth. (D) Income disparities between rich and poor have increased in the past three decades, whereas wealth disparities have decreased during the same time. (E) Education has a strong connection to income, but a weak relationship to wealth.

4. When you visit the 誠品 bookstore near the Taipei City Hall, you might want to dress in a certain way, pay attention to what other shoppers dress, and what kind of books they pick up to read. You might not take such great care if you visit a 金石堂 bookstore. In so doing, what you are trying to accomplish? (A) Boundary making (B) Distinction (C) Gender display (D) Identity formation

5. Karl Marx predicted in the 19th century that the Proletarian Revolution would take place in wealthy countries and that the working class would be the leading force. So according to Marx, the working class is the revolution's: (A) Necessary condition (B) Sufficient condition (C) Necessary and sufficient condition

6. It is well-known that businessmen enroll in expensive MBA or EMBA programs not because they need a diploma but because they hope to meet their potential collaborators and/or investors. In sociological term, what do they want to accumulate through MBA/EMBA programs? (A) Social capital (B) Economic capital (C) Cultural capital (D) Political capital

7. According to latest sociological research findings on academic achievement, which of the following has the greatest influence on a student's success in school? (A) His/her intellectual ability. (B) His/her parents' socioeconomic status. (C) Whether or not he/she is the firstborn. (D) Whether or not he/she is older than his/her peers in classrooms.

8. The causal relationship between religion and capitalism has long been a topic of major debates among sociologists. Which of the following sociologist believes that religion is the cause of capitalist mode of production? (A) Karl Marx (all religions) (B) Max Weber (Protestantism) (C) Emile Durkheim (Catholicism and Protestantism) (D) Randall Collins (Buddhism)

(1) Karl Marx (A)Division of labor(B)Rationalism (D)Governmentality(C)Capitalism

(2) Max Weber (A)Division of labor(B)Rationalism (D)Governmentality(C)Capitalism

(3) Emile Durkheim (A)Division of labor(B)Rationalism (D)Governmentality(C)Capitalism

(4) Michel Foucault (A)Division of labor(B)Rationalism (D)Governmentality(C)Capitalism

(1) World system theory (A)NIEs acquired values and beliefs that contribute to economic growth(B)NIEs' governments are actively involved in economic planning(C)NIEs are not as exploited by wealthy countries as their Latin American peers(D)NIEs owe their success to their semi-peripheral position in the global market

(2) Modernization theory (A)NIEs acquired values and beliefs that contribute to economic growth(B)NIEs' governments are actively involved in economic planning(C)NIEs are not as exploited by wealthy countries as their Latin American peers(D)NIEs owe their success to their semi-peripheral position in the global market

(3) State-centered theory(A)NIEs acquired values and beliefs that contribute to economic growth(B)NIEs' governments are actively involved in economic planning(C)NIEs are not as exploited by wealthy countries as their Latin American peers(D)NIEs owe their success to their semi-peripheral position in the global market

(4) Dependency theory (A)NIEs acquired values and beliefs that contribute to economic growth(B)NIEs' governments are actively involved in economic planning(C)NIEs are not as exploited by wealthy countries as their Latin American peers(D)NIEs owe their success to their semi-peripheral position in the global market

(1) World system theory NIEs acquired values and beliefs that contribute to economic growth

(2) Modernization theory NIEs' governments are actively involved in economic planning

(3) State-centered theory NIEs are not as exploited by wealthy countries as their Latin American peers

(4) Dependency theory NIEs owe their success to their semi-peripheral position in the global market

三、申論題：
假設臺灣社會學刊想瞭解臺灣研究生對臺灣、香港局勢的看法，因此製作專刊，邀請妳/你寫稿。請以社會學的觀點、理論(例如「國家－社會」、「結構－行動者」關係)來討論香港從而傘革命到反送中運動的演變，以及香港局勢對這次臺灣總統選舉的影響。請不要帶入個人政治立場，也請避免政治正確的簡化推論方式(例如「紅媒稱國」)。(20 分)

四、申論題：
請運用一些社會學的觀點、概念、或者妳/你曾讀過的相關文章與研究發現，解釋「相關不等於因果」這句話。也請試著論述當今社會(科)學家以哪些方式進行因果推論。在回答的過程中，請提供妳/你的看法與解讀，並適時援引實例、圖、或相關術語作為佐證。(20 分)

1. Reference group

2. Second shift

3. Digital divide

4. Weak ties