12. Tween 20 is a nonionic surfactant that denatures proteins by disrupting ______?
(A) hydrogen bonds
(B) disulfide bridges
(C) hydrophobic interactions
(D) salt bridges
(E) covalent bonds.

1. There are a total of ______ “sense” codons in the genome. (A) 4 (B) 16 (C) 61 (D) 64 (E) 72.

2. B form DNA has a pitch (height per turn) of (A) 0.10 (B) 0.15 (C) 0.34 (D) 0.54 (E) 3.4 nm.

3. Which of the following descriptions about Hb (hemoglobin) is      incorrect     ? (A) One Hb can bind one O₂ molecules (B) HbA has an α₂β₂ structure (C) HbF has an α₂γ₂ structure (D) HbA has a higher affinity for BPG than does HbF (E) CO₂ reduces the binding affinity of Hb for O₂.

4. Which of the following descriptions about the Michaelis-Menten rate equation is      incorrect     ? (A) KM measures the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate is Vmax/2 (B) kcat is the turnover number that measures the rate of the catalytic process (C) The ratio kcat/KM is a convenient measure of enzyme efficiency (D) kcat = Vmax/[Enz] (E) A competitive inhibitor decreases the apparent KM.

5. To visualize protein bands on SDS-PAGE, ______ is commonly used to stain proteins after gel electrophoresis. (A) Coomassie Brilliant Blue (B) EtBr (C) NADH (D) CNBr (E) BUdR.

6. A DNA segment of 100 base pairs in the A form. What is its approximate molecular weight?_______kD. (A) 33 (B) 65 (C) 330 (D) 650 (E) 3,300 

7. Absorbance at ______ nm is frequently used to determine the concentration of RNA. (A) 200 (B) 260 (C) 280 (D) 400 (E) 540.

8. Which of the following compounds has the highest molecular weight? (A) adenine (B) adenosine (C) adenylate (D) uracil (E) uridine.

9. Which of the following descriptions regarding disaccharide is incorrect? (A) Sucrose is α-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4) β-D-fructofuranoside (B) Sucrose is a nonreducing sugar (C) Maltose has an α(1→4) linkage (D) Cellobiose is β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→4) β-D-glucopyranose (E) Lactose is a reducing sugar.

10. Which of the following restriction endonucleases is an isoschizomer of BglII (AGATCT)? (A) EcoRI (GAATTC) (B) SpeI (ACTAGT) (C) BamHI (GGATCC) (D) SalI (GTCGAC) (E) EagI (CGGCCG).

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