13. The lac operon of E. coli is _____ when the repressor is bound to lactose.

(A) active

(B) inactive

(C) cloned

(D) unregulated

14. A single cell, the zygote, can develop into an entirely new organism with many different specialized cells. Which of the following statements about this process is false?(A) Additional genetic information for the formation of specialized cells is passed on to the developing embryo via the mother.(B) The descendant cells specialize by a process known as differentiation.(C) The zygote contains all of the genetic information required for the development of many different cell types.(D) Differentiation of the zygote into a multicellular organism results from selective gene expression.

15. Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?(A) petals → sepals → stamens → carpels(B) sepals → stamens → petals → carpels(C) sepals → petals → stamens → carpels(D) spores → gametes → zygote → embryo

16. When mature long-day plants grow in winter, a _____ treatment can make them flower.(A) red light(B) far-red light(C) lower temperature(D) high temperature

17. Which of the following traits is not shared by all mammals?(A) amnion(B) production of milk(C) placenta(D) three bones of the middle ear

18. What is the role of the fungus in a mycorrhizal association?(A) contributes to photosynthesis(B) absorption of water, phosphate, and other minerals(C) secretion of growth factors(D) release of water

19. Which of the following statements is false?(A) The ground tissue system of a leaf is called the mesophyll.(B) Each vein in a leaf is composed of either xylem or phloem, but not both.(C) The pith of a stem is often important in food storage.(D) Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are known as the ground tissue system.

20. Which of the following statements is not true?(A) The elastic walls allow the arteries to reduce the pressure fluctuation during a cardiac cycle.(B) The risk of stroke can be reduced by avoiding the damage to endothelium of vessels.(C) The primary function of erythrocytes is to participate in immune reactions.(D) Epinephrine raises blood pressure by increasing the strength and rate of the heartbeat.

複選題3. Answer whether you would use a light microscope (LM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), or a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to perform each of the following tasks, and explain why: (8分)(A) examining fine structural details within cell organelles(B) observing how a cell changes shape as it moves(C) studying tiny projection on cell surface(D) filming changes in the shape of the nucleus as a cell prepares to divide

6. If an anemic patient had moderately lower hemoglobin concentration (10 g/ 100 ml blood) but his lungs were functioning normally, _____(Select     the best answer     from the choices given, and     explain     your answer.) (A) the arterial oxygen content would be normal.(B) the arterial PO2 would be normal.(C) stimulation of peripheral arterial chemoreceptors would be expected to increase.(D) arterial hemoglobin saturation (%) would be expected to decrease.(E) the venous reserve of oxygen would be normal.

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