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26. What is the central argument of the passage regarding the use of traditional laboratory environments in immunological research? (A) They are effective for modeling human responses to bacterial infections but not viral ones. (B) They may produce internally consistent results that fail to reflect real-world immune dynamics. (C) They are designed to test genetic rather than environmental influences on immunity. (D) They have successfully reduced variability in immune system measurements over time.

27. According to the passage, what was one likely consequence of increased microbial diversity in rewilded mice? (A) Skewing of immune responses toward pathways less effective against helminths. (B) Reduced ability to mount type 1 immune responses. (C) Enhanced resistance to both viral and helminthic infections. (D) Suppression of all adaptive immune functions in the gut.

28. Why do the authors highlight the parallel between   Trichuris muris   and human parasites? (A) To question its relevance as a model organism. (B) To argue that humans are also susceptible to rewilding effects. (C) To justify its selection as a valid proxy for studying human immunity. (D) To emphasize the evolutionary relationship between rodents and humans.

29. Which of the following best describes the authors’ proposed solution to the limitations of current experimental models? (A) Eliminating parasite exposure in experimental protocols. (B) Using only wild-caught animals in immunological studies. (C) Introducing controlled ecological variables to better simulate natural immune conditions. (D) Replacing in vivo models with computer-simulated immune systems.

30. What broader implication does the study suggest for preclinical biomedical research? (A) That genetic homogeneity among lab animals undermines experimental reliability. (B) That standardized protocols are sufficient when microbial exposure is controlled. (C) That helminth infections are more dangerous than previously believed. (D) That environmental factors must be integrated to enhance translational relevance.

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