27.
(A) citrate,
(B) a-ketoglutarate,
(C) succinate,
(D) fumarate,
(E) oxaloacetate can be synthesized from pyruvate without going through acetyl-CoA.

28. Which citric acid cycle intermediate can be used to synthesize sterols and fatty acids? (A) citrate, (B) oxaloacetate, (C) malate, (D) isocitrate, (E) α-ketoglutarate.

29. Which phosphorylated compounds has the most negative standard free energy of hydrolysis? (A) ATP, (B) phosphoenolpyruvate, (C) glucose-6-phosphate, (D) phosphocreatine, (E) pyrophosphate.

30. The immediate electron donor to P680+ is a (A) leucine, (B) tryptophan, (C) serine, (D) histidine, (E) tyrosine residue.

31. Nucleotides have a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar by a: (A) α-anhydride bond, (B) β-ester bond, (C) α-N-amide bond, (D) B-N-acetal (glycosidic) bond, (E) α-N-hemiacetal bond.

32. The pitch, or distance required to complete one helical turn in B-DNA is (A) 33.2 Å, (B) 45.6 Å, (C) 38.4 Å, (D) 24.6 Å, (E) 28.4 Å.

33. What is this molecule below (and its conformation)? (A) anti A, (B) syn U, (C) anti T, (D) anti G, (E) syn C. 

34. The function of DNA topoisomerases is: (A) packaging DNA into nucleosomes, (B) forming cruciform DNA, (C) unwinding G:C rich areas in DNA, (D) breaking one or more strands of DNA, winding them tighter or looser, and rejoining the ends, (E) promoting DNA hybridization.

35. Successive base pairs in B-DNA show a rotation with respect to each other (so-called helical twist) of (A) 34°, (B) 36°, (C) 38°, (D) 32°, (E) 40°.

36. If the rate constant for the enzyme catalyzed reaction is 1 x 105/sec and the rate constant for the uncatalyzed reaction is 2 x 10/sec, the catalytic power of the enzyme is: (A) 2, (B) (C) (D) 5 x 109, (E)

37. All of the following statements are true about the relationships between [S], and EXCEPT: (A) As [S] is increased, v approaches the limiting value, , (B) = /2, (C) The rate of the reaction, v, follows a first order rate equation v = K'[A] and K' = (D) The rate of product formed, v, is at when [S] ＞＞ , (E) assist in finding the rate of the enzyme catalyzed reaction only if the reaction is irreversible.

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