29. The transition from transcriptional initiation to elongation involves
(A) binding of sigma factor.
(B) release of sigma factor.
(C) release of RNA polymerase from DNA.
(D) binding of RNA polymerase to DNA.

30. A tRNA that recognizes a nonsense codon and inserts an amino acid where protein synthesis should have stopped is called a(n)______________.(A) nonsense tRNA (B) suppressor tRNA (C) revertant tRNA (D) excision tRNA

31. In the modification of eukaryotic mRNA, a "cap" consisting of a/an _________and a tail consisting of_________are usually added to the transcript.(A) acetyl group, multiple cytosines (B) multiple guanines, methyl group(C) multiple thymines, acetyl group (D) methyl group, multiple adenines

32. RNA molecules that can act as enzymes and catalyze specific biochemical reactions are known as_________.(A) donors (B) splice acceptors (C) ribozymes (D) tRNAs

33. The retroviruses, including HIV, are unique because they do reverse __(A) replication. (B) transcription. (C) splicing. (D) translation.

34. There are _________usually found in the genetic code.(A) 3 start codons and 1 stop codon(B) 2 start codons and 2 stop codons(C) 1 start codon and 3 stop codons(D) 0 start codons and 4 stop codons

35. The appearance of a novel phenotype resulting from the substitution of a single base pair might be due to(A) change in the amino acid sequence only.(B) change in the amount of protein expressed.(C) alteration in a gene that codes for a nontranslated RNA.(D) All of the choices are possible consequences of a single base pair substitution.

36. The ribosome has three distinct sites E, P and A. During elongation of a protein, in which site is the growing peptide chain found?(A) E site(B) P site(C) A site(D) Any site, it makes not difference.

37. When bacteria are grown in the presence of lactose, (A)CAMP-CRF protein binds upstream of the promoter and increases transcription through recruitment of RNA polymerase. (B)CAMP-CRF protein is bound to lactose and is active and activates transcription through physical interference with the repressor. (C)the lac repressor is bound to allolactose, is now inactive and unable to bind the operon; thereby allowing RNA polymerase access to initiate transcription. (D) the lac repressor is bound to allolactose, is now inactive and unable to bind the operon; thereby allowing CAP protein access to the promoter and increasing the rate of transcription.

38. In the lac operon, which region of the operon does the repressor bind?(A) Promoter(B) Operator(C) CAMP-CRF binding site(D) +1 start of transcription

39. TFIID is one of the basal transcription factors to bind the promoter during the assembly of the pre-initiation complex, which ofthe following statements about TFIID is FALSE?(A)TFIID distorts the DNA duplex when it binds.(B)TFIID binds the TATA box in promoters.(C)TFIID binds the DNA only after basal transcription factors have bond the promoter region.(D)TFIID binds Inr and DPE elements in promoters.

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