33. 根據凱因斯總合供需分析，以下三個狀況，何者發生可能會使總合需求下降？

a. 央行提高重點現率
b. 商業銀行提高超額準備率
c. 台幣相對美金貶值
(A) a
(B) ab
(C) bc
(D) abc

34. 下表列出阿丹跟姆斯兩人在一天內可製作出的西裝/襯衫數(例如阿丹如果一天都“只做西裝”，則可做 4 件)。假設市場上 1 件西裝可換 4 件襯衫，兩人決定合作賺錢，請問在一天的生產時間下，怎樣的生產配置對雙方最有利？(A) 兩人皆做襯衫(B) 阿丹全力做西裝，姆斯全力做襯衫(C) 兩人皆做西裝(D) 姆斯全力做西裝，阿丹全力做襯衫

35. 下列何者理論上「不會」因為突發性的物價膨脹而遭受損失？(A) 手上握有大量現金的個人(B) 債台高票的債務人(C) 領穩定薪水的軍公教人員(D) 上述三者都會因突發性物價膨脹受損

36. 總體經濟學中，菲利普曲線所說明的，是下列哪兩項經濟變數的抵換關係？(A) 物價上漲率與經濟成長率(B) 物價水準與失業率(C) 工資水準與經濟成長率(D) 物價上漲率與失業率

1. A student quits a job paying $5,000 a month to prepare for a Master's entrance exam. In economics, this $5,000 is referred to as: (A) Opportunity Cost (B) Sunk Cost (C) Marginal Utility (D) Variable Cost

2. The government imposes a "Carbon Tax" or environmental levy on factories that discharge wastewater into rivers: (A) To solve adverse selection caused by asymmetric information. (B) To increase the marginal returns of the firm. (C) To internalize externalities. (D) To implement a price ceiling to protect consumers.

3. A software company incurs high fixed costs to develop a product, but as the number of users increases, the average total cost per user drops significantly: (A) The industry exhibits economies of scale. (B) The industry faces diminishing marginal product. (C) It proves the company has an Absolute Advantage. (D) It is evidence of unfair competition.

4. A restaurant keeps hiring more chefs while the kitchen size and equipment remain fixed. Eventually, the additional output produced by each new chef begins to fall. This illustrates: (A) Economy of scale. (B) The law of diminishing marginal returns. (C) Negative externalities in the workplace. (D) Increasing average fixed costs.

5. A firm in a competitive labor market finds that the marginal product of labor of the last worker hired is 5 units, and the product price is $20. If the current market wage is $120, the firm should: (A) Hire more workers to increase total revenue. (B) Fire workers because the marginal revenue product is less than the wage. (C) Maintain the current workforce because profit is being made. (D) Increase the price of the product.

6. Consider a Duopoly where two firms (A and B) choose between "High Price" and "Low Price." If both choose High, they earn $100 each. If both choose Low, they earn $40 each. If one chooses Low while the other stays High, the Low-price firm earns $120 and the High-price firm earns $10. What is the Nash Equilibrium of this simultaneous game? (A) Both firms choose High Price. (B) Both firms choose Low Price. (C) Firm A chooses High; Firm B chooses Low. (D) There is no pure-strategy Nash Equilibrium.

7. The cross-price elasticity of demand between Product A and Product B is -1.5. If the price of Product B increases by 10%, what will happen to the demand for Product A and the nature of their relationship? (A) Demand for A increases by \( 15\% \); they are substitutes. (B) Demand for A decreases by \( 15\% \); they are complements. (C) Demand for A decreases by \( 1.5\% \); they are complements. (D) Demand for A increases by \( 15\% \); they are normal goods.

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