4. Which of the following properties is fundamentally defined and rendered measurable by the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics?
(A) Work
(B) Temperature
(C) Mass
(D) Heat
(E) Internal energy

5. Which of the following statements is true for a system undergoing a thermodynamically reversible process? (A) The system cannot perform work on its surroundings. (B) The process can only occur at absolute zero. (C) The total entropy of the universe decreases. (D) The internal energy of the system must remain constant. (E) The total entropy of the universe remains unchanged.

6. According to the principles of the photoelectric effect, if the intensity of incident light is doubled while the frequency remains constant and above the threshold, what happens to the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons? (A) It remains unchanged. (B) It doubles. (C) It increases by a factor of four. (D) It decreases slightly. (E) None of the above.

7. Which of the following statements best describes the phenomenon of quantum tunneling? (A) A particle crossing a barrier that it classically lacks the energy to overcome. (B) A particle gaining thermal energy to jump over a physical barrier. (C) A particle disappearing and instantly reappearing on the other side of a gap. (D) A particle absorbing a photon to reach a higher energy level. (E) All of the above.

8. An object is placed in front of a concave spherical mirror at a distance less than the focal length. The resulting image is ________. (A) virtual, erect, and larger than the object (B) real, inverted, and smaller than the object (C) virtual, erect, and smaller than the object (D) real, inverted, and larger than the object (E) none of the above

9. A conducting sphere is charged such that the electric potential on its surface is 100 volt (V) (relative to infinity). If the radius of the sphere were doubled, but the total charge on the sphere remained the same, what would be the new potential on the surface relative to infinity? (A) 400 V (B) 200 V (C) 100 V (D) 50 V (E) 25 V

10. What is the maximum theoretical efficiency of a Carnot heat engine operating between a heat source at 500 K and a heat sink at 300 K? (A) 20% (B) 30% (C) 40% (D) 50% (E) 60%

11. A musician can identify a 2 kilo-Hz pure tone in 8 milli-seconds. How many periods of the sound wave is this? (A) 16 (B) 20 (C) 24 (D) 28 (E) 30

12. A pitcher throws a ball of mass m at an angle such that the ball can travel a maximum distance R. Find the initial kinetic energy K0 of the ball. The gravitational acceleration is denoted as g. (Ignore the height of the pitcher) (A) K0=2mgR (B) K0=mgR (C) K0=(1/2) mgR (D) K0=(1/4) mgR (E) K0=(1/8) mgR

13. The human heart acts as a biological pump, generating pressure to circulate blood throughout the body. The human heart could pump about 80 cm3 of blood per contraction, and this quantity is called the stroke volume. Assume that mean arterial pressure is 120 mm-Hg and the heart beat rate is 70/min. Calculate the average power output of the heart in watt (W). [1 atm=760 mm-Hg= 1.013×105 Pa] (A) 2.7 W (B) 1.5 W (C) 3.2 W (D) 0.8 W (E) 4.2 W

14. Babies are naturally more sensitive to some pitched sounds differently than adults. This is due to the difference in the length of the ear canal. Calculate the fundamental resonant frequency f1 of the 1.27 cm long ear canal of a baby. Calculate the fundamental resonant frequency f2 of the 2.6 cm long ear canal of an adult. The answer is written in the form (f1, f2). The speed of sound in air is 344 m/s. (A) (7343 Hz, 4370 Hz) (B) (3543 Hz, 6880 Hz) (C) (6771 Hz, 3307 Hz) (D) (3443 Hz, 7698 Hz) (E) (9371 Hz, 5890 Hz)

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