6. Which of the following enzyme catalyzes the committed step in the citric acid cycle?

(A) Succinate dehydrogenase

(B) Citrate synthase

(C) Pyruvate dehydrogenase

(D) Isocitrate dehydrogenase

(E) Succinyl-CoA synthetase

7. DNA synthesis is inhibited by 5-fluoro-dUMP which acts on_____(A) Phosphoribosyltransferase(B) Thymidylate synthase(C) Pyruvate kinase(D) Reductase(E) Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

8. The enzyme that aspirin acts on_____(A) Tyrosinase(B) Tryptophan oxygenase(C) Cyclooxygenase(D) Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase(E) Glutamate dehydrogenase

9. The individuals who are deficient in which of following enzymes are the one most sensitive to antimalarial drugs primaquine?(A) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(B) Glutamate dehydrogenase(C) Malate dehydrogenase.(D) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(E) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

10. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?(A) Glucagon is secreted in response to low blood glucose levels(B) Epinephrine activates phosphorylase kinase in glucose metabolism(C) Insulin has effects opposite to those of epinephrine and glucagon(D) Insulin increase the capacity of the liver to synthesize glycogen(E) Glucagon increases triacylglycerol synthesis

11. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE for mitochondria?(A) The final electron acceptor is NADP+(B) One source of electrons is NADH(C) Requires a system of intact membranes to generate ATP(D) Contains cytochromes and flavins in its electron transfer chain(E) Electron transfer leads to establishment of a proton gradient

12. Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway is NOT TRUE?(A) It interconverts troses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, and heptoses(B) It generate NADH for reductive biosyntheses(C) It is more active in fat-storage cells than in muscle cells(D) The reactions occur in the cytosol(E) Through this pathway, excess ribose 5-phosphate can be completely converted into glycolytic intermediates

13. Which of the following would be considered an ω-3 fatty acid?(A) Linoleic acid: 9,12-octadecadieneoic acid (18:2Δ9,12)(B) γ-linolenic acid: 6,9,12-octadecatrieneoic acid (18:3Δ6,9,12)(C) Eicosapentaenoic acid: 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17)(D) Arachidonic acid: 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4Δ5,8,11,14)(E) All of the above

14. Where are G-quadruplexes most commonly found?(A) Centromere(B) Telomere(C) The end of hairpin loops(D) Replication origin(E) Transcription termination sites

15. Which of the following is NOT a physiological role of nucleotides?(A) Components of many proteins(B) Components of the coenzymes NAD, FAD, and CoA(C) Intracellular signaling molecules(D) Intermediates for biosynthetic processes(E) Allosteric regulators

16. Which of the following description about the organization of DNA in the nucleus is NOT TRUE?(A) DNA helix → nucleosome → 30 nm chromatin fiber → condensed fiber(B) The core of nucleosome containing H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 proteins(C) H4 tail helps to form 30 nm chromatin fiber(D) Euchromatin structure is highly condensed regions of interphase chromosomes(E) Highly expressed genes are often arranged in the loop domain of chromosomes

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