70. In an E₂ reaction, what geometric relationship must exist between the leaving group and the β-hydrogen?
(A) Syn-periplanar
(B) Gauche
(C) Anti-periplanar
(D) Forming a 90° dihedral angle
(E) Can be randomly oriented

71. A quartet and a triplet (area ratio 2:3) in 1H-NMR most likely indicates the presence of a(n) ______. (A) Ethyl group (B) Isopropyl group (C) tert-Butyl group (D) Propyl group (E) Vinyl group

72. A chemist uses the standard addition method to determine the concentration of copper (Cu2+) in a river water sample to account for matrix interferences. Two 25.0 mL aliquots of the river water are processed as follows: Solution A: 25.0 mL of the sample is diluted to a final volume of 50.0 mL with distilled water. The measured absorbance is 0.25. Solution B: 25.0 mL of the sample plus 1.00 mL of a 500 ppm Cu2+ standard is diluted to a final volume of 50.0 mL. The measured absorbance is 0.50. Assuming the absorbance is directly proportional to the Cu2+ concentration, what is the concentration of Cu2+ in the original river water sample? (A) 5.0 ppm (B) 10.0 ppm (C) 20.0 ppm (D) 25.0 ppm (E) 40.0 ppm

73. At a certain temperature, the half-life of a zero-order reaction is 40.0 minutes. How long will it take for the reactant concentration to be reduced by 75%? (A) 40.0 min (B) 60.0 min (C) 80.0 min (D) 120.0 min (E) 160.0 min

74. Which of the following molecules can undergo the Cannizzaro reaction? (A) Acetaldehyde (B) Benzaldehyde (C) Acetone (D) Cyclohexanone (E) Propionaldehyde

75. An analyst uses a HPLC method to determine a pesticide residue. A 1.00 ppm standard solution of the pesticide produces a peak height (signal) of 40.0 mV. When a blank solution is injected, the standard deviation of the baseline noise is measured to be 0.20 mV. Using the common IUPAC criterion of S/N = 3, what is the Limit of Detection (LOD) for this method (assuming the signal is directly proportional to the analyte concentration)? (A) 0.005 ppm (B) 0.015 ppm (C) 0.045 ppm (D) 0.060 ppm (E) 0.150 ppm

76. A compound with the sum formula C3H6O has an IR peak at 1715 cm-1 and only one singlet in 1H-NMR. The compound is ______. (A) Propionaldehyde (B) Acetone (C) Allyl alcohol (D) Propylene oxide (E) Methyl vinyl ether

77. In mass spectrometry, a molecule with one bromine atom shows M and M+2 peaks in a ratio of approximately ______. (A) 1:1 (B) 3:1 (C) 1:3 (D) 9:6:1 (E) 1:2:1

78. Which of the following statements about the isoelectric point (pI) of amino acids is correct? (A) At pH ＜ pI, it is negatively charged. (B) Solubility is highest at pH = pI. (C) At pH = pI, the net charge is zero. (D) All amino acids have a pI of 7. (E) pI is independent of the side chain.

79. 19F-NMR spectroscopy is increasingly used in medicine for non-invasive imaging and monitoring of fluorinated pharmaceuticals (e.g., fluorinated anesthetics, anticancer drugs like 5-fluorouracil, or perfluorocarbons as artificial blood substitutes/oxygen carriers). Consider the compound PCl2F3 (a model phosphorus chlorofluoride with trigonal bipyramidal geometry, relevant to understanding dynamic processes in fluorinated compounds or analogs in bioinorganic/organofluorine chemistry). In a solution of PCl2F3 in isopentane at -22°C, how many peaks are observed in the 19F-NMR spectrum? (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 4

80. Consider the reaction CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) → CH4(g) + 2O2(g) with ΔH° = 803 kJ. Which of the following options will increase K? (A) increasing the temperature of system (B) decreasing the number of moles of methane (C) increasing the volume of system (D) increasing the number of moles of CO2 (E) none of the above

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