一、質化研究的特質之一在於，研究者 (researcher) 是資料收集和分析的主要工具 (instrument)。請問，質化研究者，應具備哪些能力？(40%)

1. (10%) Let f(x) be a differentiable function as shown in Figure 1. It needs to compute the integral $\int_{a}^{b} f(x)dx$. For some reason, the integration is not possible. We decide to linearize f(x) at x = a$ and use the trapezoidal area $A$ to approximate the integral, i.e. $ \int_{a}^{b} f(x) dx \approx A $. Please find the area A.