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複選題20. Which of the following statements regarding the Stern-Gerlach experiment are correct? (A) A non-uniform magnetic field (field gradient) is essential to exert a net force on the particles. (B) The experiment results in a continuous distribution of particles on the detector, as predicted by classical mechanics. (C) The experiment provides direct evidence for the quantization of angular momentum (spin). (D) A beam of neutral silver atoms in their ground state sent through a Stern-Gerlach apparatus will split into two discrete beams. (E) Silver atoms were ideal for the Stern-Gerlach experiment because they possess a single, unpaired valence electron.

複選題19. A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a p-n junction diode that emits light when activated. Which of the following statements correctly describe the physics and operation of a standard LED? (A) The device must be forward-biased to function properly. (B) The wavelength (color) of the emitted light is primarily determined by the band gap energy $(E_{g})$ of the semiconductor material. (C) The emission process relies on the spontaneous recombination of electron-hole pairs. (D) Indirect band gap semiconductors, such as pure Silicon (Si) or Germanium (Ge), are the most efficient materials for manufacturing visible light LEDs. (E) The intensity of the emitted light decreases as the forward current increases.

複選題18. In a Compton scattering experiment, the spectrum of scattered X-rays displays two distinct peaks: a modified peak at wavelength $\lambda'$ and an unmodified peak at the incident wavelength $\lambda$. The Compton shift is defined as $\Delta \lambda = \lambda' - \lambda$. Which of the following statements regarding this experiment are correct? (A) The modified peak is due to scattering from loosely bound electrons. (B) The Compton shift $\Delta \lambda$ is independent of the wavelength $\lambda$ of the incident X-ray. (C) The Compton shift $\Delta \lambda$ is always smaller than or equal to zero ($\Delta \lambda \leq 0$). (D) The Compton shift $\Delta \lambda$ depends strongly on the atomic number $Z$ of the target material. (E) The Compton shift $\Delta \lambda$ varies with the scattering angle $\theta$.

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