所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆生物化學
1. Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) 缺乏時會產生下列何者疾病？ (A) Beriberi (腳氣病) (B) Scurvy (壞血病) (C) Dermatitis (皮膚炎) (D) Pernicious anemia (惡性貧血)
2. 下列四種代謝調控的敘述，何者錯誤？ (A) Allosteric control (異位調控)：調節者 (effectors) 與酵素的結合位置和受質的結合位置不同，當調節者與酵素結合後，可以改變酵素的構型，使酵素與受質催化活性改變 (B) Covalent modification (共價修飾)：將酵素進行磷酸化，酵素活性一定會被抑制 (C) Substrate cycle (受質循環)：兩種相反的非平衡反應，由不同的酵素催化 (D) Genetic control (基因控制)：藉由基因的開啟與關閉調節代謝
3. 下列哪一型 Glucose transporter (GLUT) 是受 insulin 調控，控制肌肉和脂肪細胞對於 glucose 的吸收量？ (A) GLUT 1 (B) GLUT 3 (C) GLUT 4 (D) GLUT 7
4. 下列有兩個反應式如下： Glucose+Pi → glucose-6-phosphate+H₂O ΔG°=+13.8 kJ·mol⁻¹ ADP+Pi → ATP+H₂O ΔG°=30.5 kJ·mol⁻¹ 試問 glucose+ATP→glucose-6-phosphate+ADP 此反應式的ΔG°為多少？ (A) 44.3 kJ·mol⁻¹ (B) 16.7 kJ·mol⁻¹ (C) -44.3 kJ·mol⁻¹ (D) -16.7 kJ·mol⁻¹
5. 請問五碳糖磷酸途徑 (Pentose Phosphate Pathway; PPP) 發生在細胞中哪個位置？ (A) 細胞質 (B) 內質網 (C) 粒線體 (D) 細胞核內
6. 對於五碳糖磷酸途徑 (Pentose Phosphate Pathway; PPP) 的敘述何者 錯誤 ？ (A) 可產生 NADPH 供細胞內還原性合成反應所需，如：合成脂肪酸 (B) 可產生 ribose-5-phosphate 供細胞合成核酸所需 (C) PPP 反應包含兩個階段，分別是 Hexose stage 和 Triose stage (D) 肝臟、腎上腺皮質、乳腺、肌肉等組織細胞具大量 PPP 酵素
7. 檸檬酸循環 (citric acid cycle) is a _________ reaction? (A) Catabolic (B) Anabolic (C) Amphibolic (D) Electrobolic
8. 下列何種代謝作用 不是 在細胞質中進行？ (A) 糖解反應 (B) 五碳糖磷酸途徑 (C) 電子傳遞鏈-氧化磷酸化作用 (D) 脂肪酸生合成作用
9. 電子傳遞鏈 (Electron transport chain)，電子最後傳遞給下列哪一個分子？ (A) 氧氣 (B) Complex I (C) Complex II (D) Cytochrome c
10. The complete oxidation of glucose proceeds in four stages: 1. Electron transport chain & chemiosmosis 2. Krebs cycle 3. Pyruvate oxidation 4. Glycolysis Which is the right order? (A) 1.2.3.4 (B) 2.3.4.1 (C) 1.3.2.4 (D) 4.3.2.1
11. 下列何者為 DNA 與 RNA 主要的差異？ (A) 核糖 (ribose) 二號碳是否含有氧 (B) 磷酸根數目 (C) 是否含有氮 (D) 是否含有硫酸根
12. 由磷酸根，核糖及氮鹼基所組成的分子，稱為： (A) 鹼基 (Base) (B) 核苷 (Nucleoside) (C) 核苷酸 (Nucleotide) (D) 核酸 (Nucleic acid)
13. ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) 含有幾個高能鍵： (A) 1 個 (B) 2 個 (C) 3 個 (D) 4 個
14. Two nucleotide molecules are linked together by? (A) Peptide bond (胜肽键) (B) Glycosidic bond (糖苷键) (C) Phosphodiester linkage (磷酸雙酯键) (D) Ester linkages (酯键)
15. 請問自由能 ($\Delta G$) 在何種狀況下會發生自發反應？ (A) $\Delta G > 0$ (B) $\Delta G < 0$ (C) $\Delta G = 0$ (D) 以上皆非
16. The coenzyme involved in a transaminase reaction is: (A) Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (B) Lipoic acid (C) Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) (D) Biotin phosphate
17. 大量存在於脊椎動物骨骼肌中的 Creatine，能夠儲存能量以增進運動表現。請問 Creatine 在人體的生命中， 不包括 下列何種胺基酸參與？ (A) Leucine (B) Glycine (C) Arginine (D) Methionine
18. 下列哪一個是膽固醇合成途徑中最關鍵的酵素，也是降膽固醇藥物最有效的作用標的 (A) Thiolase (B) HMG-CoA Synthase (C) HMG CoA reductase (D) Mevalonate Kinase
19. 有關反式脂肪(Trans fat)的敘述，下列何者 為非 ？ (A) 反式脂肪的來源有兩種，一種是天然存在，一種是加工過程產生出來 (B) 在選擇奶油及各類食品時，只要成份中有氫化植物油、半氫化植物油、人造奶油、人工奶油、人造植物油，表示可能含有反式脂肪 (C) 選擇植物性奶油時，宜選購較硬者，因其含有較少量的反式脂肪酸 (D) 喝茶或咖啡時選擇加「牛奶」，而不是「奶精」，可以減少反式脂肪的攝取。
20. 下列哪一個脂肪酸為必需脂肪酸 (Essential fatty acid) (A) 次亞麻油酸 (Linolenic Acid) (B) 硬脂酸 (Stearic acid) (C) 棕櫚酸 (Palmitic acid) (D) 肉豆蔻酸 (Myristic acid)
21. 隨著醫學美容醫學的進步及時尚界的流行，許多人為了維持美貌，常會施打玻尿酸 (hyaluronic acid) 來達到加強皮膚的保水能力，維持皮膚的彈性、滋潤度等效果。試問玻尿酸依據其結構分類而定，是屬於下列何種物質？ (A) Peptidoglycan (B) Glycoprotein (C) Glycolipid (D) Glycosaminoglycans
22. 如果 mRNA 區段的序列是 5'-UACCUUAAGCA-3' 則與其互補的 DNA 序列為下列何者？ (A) 5'-UACCUUAAGCA-3' (B) 5'-AUGGAAUUCGU-3' (C) 5'-ATGGAATTCGT-3' (D) 5'-TGCTTAAGGTA-3'
23. Sequences that are removed from the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotes are called ________. (A) introns (B) operons (C) exons (D) secretome
24. 下列關於 microRNA (miRNA) 調節蛋白質表達之機制的敘述，何者錯誤？ (A) microRNAs 的成熟過程需要 Dicer 參與 (B) 主要是抑制 DNA 轉錶成 messenger RNA (mRNA) (C) 是由雙股的前駁物轉變成 21~25 個核苷酸所組成的單股 RNA 片段 (D) 可同時調控多種蛋白質的表達
25. 下列名詞中，選出“將 DNA 植入 原核細胞 (prokaryote) 的過程”之名詞？ (A) Transformation (B) Transfection (C) Transduction (D) Translation
1. Which of the biomolecules is never found in a polymeric form? (A) amino acids (B) carbohydrates (C) nucleotides (D) lipids (E) none of the above
2. A double stranded DNA fragment contains 20% adenine residues. Calculate the percentage cytosine residues . (A) 10% (B) 20% (C) 30% (D) 50% (E) 70%
3. In Sanger DNA sequencing, DNA polymerase I is used to add nucleotides to the ______ end of the growing polynucleotide chain. (A) 3' (B) 5' (C) 2' (D) sticky (E) none of the above
4. Which of the following amino acids has a sulfur atom in its side chain? (A) Serine (B) Lysine (C) Phenylalanine (D) Tyrosine (E) Methionine
5. The two peptides shown in the figure below are linked through _____ (A) an ester linkage (B) a disulfide bond (C) a peptide bond (D) a glycosidic bond (E) a hydrogen bond.
6. You are trying to separate five proteins, which are listed below, by gel filtration chromatography. Which of the proteins will elute first from the column? (A) cytochrome c; 12 kDa (B) interferon-γ; 34 kDa (C) hemoglobin; 62 kDa (D) RNA polymerase; 99 kDa (E) glutamine synthetase; 621 kDa
7. Which allosteric effector has the greatest ability to stabilize the deoxy state of hemoglobin? (A) CO₂ (B) O₂ (C) BPG (D) H⁺ (E) all of the above have equal ability
8. Which of the following listed below is achiral molecules ? (A) Methionine (B) Tryptophan (C) Glycine (D) Leucine (E) Proline
9. In the figure below, can the Km be determined? If so, what is its value? (A) Yes, it is 62 mM/sec (B) Yes, it is 62 mM (C) Yes, it is 28 mM. (D) Yes, it is 28 mM/sec (E) none of the above
10. Which of the following pairs of bonds within a peptide backbone show free rotation around both bonds? (A) Cα-C and N-C (B) Cα-C and N-Cα (C) C=O and N-C (D) N-Cα and N-C (E) none of the above
11. How many stereoisomers are possible for an aldopentose such as ribose? (A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 32 (E) 64
12. While fatty acids are most often formed by the condensation of _carbon units, isoprenoids are assembled from _carbon units. (A) 5, 2 (B) 3, 2 (C) 2, 3 (D) 2, 5 (E) 3, 6
13. Rank the melting points of the following fatty acids from highest to lowest : (1) cis-oleic (18:1) (2) linoleic (18:2) (3) steraiic (18:0) (4) palmitic (16:0) (A) \( 3 > 4 > 1 > 2 \) (B) \( 3 > 4 > 2 > 1 \) (C) \( 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 \) (D) \( 4 > 3 > 1 > 2 \) (E) none of the above
14. Which of the following types of inhibition can be reversed by addition of more substrate ? (A) noncompetitive inhibition (B) uncompetitive inhibition (C) competitive inhibition (D) irreversible inhibition (E) none of the above
15. The catalytic constant, or k_cat, is also known as the _____. (A) turnover number (B) attractive number (C) diffusion number (D) Menten number (E) none of the above
16. Nucleotides in a DNA molecule are linked together through _____ (A) glycosidic bonds (B) amide linkages (C) hydrogen bonds (D) phosphodiester bonds (E) none of the above
17. Which of the following properly expresses the Michaelis-Menten equation ? (A) \( V_{\mathrm{max}} = v_{\mathrm{o}}K_{\mathrm{M}} / (K_{\mathrm{M}} + [\mathrm{S}]) \) (B) \( v_{\mathrm{o}} = V_{\mathrm{max}}K_{\mathrm{M}} / (K_{\mathrm{M}} + [\mathrm{S}]) \) (C) \( k_{\mathrm{cat}} = V_{\mathrm{max}} / [\mathrm{E}]_{\mathrm{T}} \) (D) \( V_{\mathrm{max}} = v_{\mathrm{o}}[\mathrm{S}] / (K_{\mathrm{M}} + [\mathrm{S}]) \) (E) \( v_{\mathrm{o}} = V_{\mathrm{max}}[\mathrm{S}] / (K_{\mathrm{M}} + [\mathrm{S}]) \)
18. The central ion of the heme group of hemoglobin is _____. (A) Fe²⁺ (B) Cu²⁺ (C) Fe³⁺ (D) Cu⁺ (E) none of the above
19. The pyrimidine found in nucleic acids are _____ and _____. (A) adenine; cytosine (B) adenine; uracil (C) cytosine; thymine (D) adenine; guanine (E) thymine; guanine
20. An good efficient enzyme has a _____ KM and a _____ kcat. (A) small; large (B) small; small (C) large; small (D) large; large (E) none of the above
三、問答題 1. Please describe the general properties of enzyme (5 points)
阿摩線上測驗
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(A) an ester linkage (B) a disulfide bond (C) a peptide bond (D) a glycosidic bond (E) a hydrogen bond.
(A) Yes, it is 62 mM/sec (B) Yes, it is 62 mM (C) Yes, it is 28 mM. (D) Yes, it is 28 mM/sec (E) none of the above