11. _______ had the CEO implemented the radical restructuring plan than the company’s stock prices began to stabilize after months of volatility.


(A) Scarcely

(B) No sooner

(C) Hardly ever

(D) Not only

12. The institutional review board mandated that the principal investigator _______ all raw data to the ethics board before proceeding with the second phase of the clinical trial. (A) submit (B) submitted (C) would submit (D) will submit

13. After reviewing the feedback from the initial testing phase, the project manager announced that the official launch date of the new software _______. (A) postpones (B) will postpone (C) was postponing (D) has been postponed

14. Had the diplomatic mission failed to reach a consensus, the neighboring regions _______ into an era of interminable civil strife. (A) should be catapulted (B) might have catapulted (C) would have been catapulted (D) had been catapulted

15. What is the fundamental difference between EMI and CLIL regarding “scaffolding”? (A) EMI provides more language scaffolding because students must understand difficult academic content. (B) CLIL typically provides extensive language scaffolding through visual aids, sentence frames, and word banks. (C) EMI mainly uses scaffolding activities to help students memorize academic vocabulary and grammar rules. (D) Neither EMI nor CLIL includes scaffolding support because students are expected to learn independently.

16. Erickson’s psychosocial theory explains human development as a series of eight stages, each defined by a central conflict that shapes _______ and social functioning. (A) fraternity (B) personality (C) legibility (D) tonality Cultural barriers in marketing can be overcome by repositioning brands, changing advertising and product features to _______ (17) local sensitivities and so on. Much more difficult to manage are the cultural differences that arise when companies establish multinational subsidiaries and then expect members of different national cultures to work together. This is especially the case with Western companies _______ (18) subsidiaries in Japan. Japanese workers often prefer strong, directive leadership to the more democratic model now common in the West. They also rely much more on senior managers to sort out problems. Linguistic confusion is also compounded _______ (19) quite different 2 attitudes to issues such as ethics, reporting and control, and workers' rights and responsibilities. Managers and executives in Japan are more concerned about maintaining group harmony but they are less inclined to speak openly. Given increased international interaction and big differences in styles and cultures, it is important to be able to match one's communication styles with _(20)_ of colleagues in other countries. Indeed, the increased interaction with colleagues in other countries can result in a dramatic contrast in styles, cultures and expectations. That, in turn, makes it more important to ensure that an organization has _(21)_ to the interpersonal and management skills needed to be effective in the countries in which it operates.

17. (A) staple (B) heal (C) free (D) suit

18. (A) established (B) establishing (C) establishes (D) establish

19. (A) with (B) from (C) by (D) for

20. (A) those (B) these (C) this (D) that

21. (A) credit (B) access (C) symbol (D) code For decades, the uncanny ability of migratory birds to navigate across vast oceans with pinpoint accuracy remained one of biology's most enduring enigmas. While classical theories suggested a reliance on visual landmarks or simple magnetic sensors, recent breakthroughs in quantum biology imply that these avian travelers may possess a sophisticated biological compass _(22)_. At the heart of this phenomenon is "radical pair" chemistry, where blue-light-sensitive proteins in a bird's eye, known as cryptochromes, trigger a quantum reaction. When a photon enters the eye, it creates a pair of entangled electrons. These particles are incredibly sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field, and their quantum state fluctuates _(23)_. This biological mechanism essentially allows birds to "see" the planet's magnetic field lines as varying patterns of light and shade. _(24)_, this hypothesis was met with profound skepticism, as quantum states were thought to be too fragile to persist within the "warm, wet, and noisy" environment of a living cell. However, empirical evidence now suggests that biological systems have evolved to _(25)_ these quantum effects rather than being hindered by them. This realization has forced a paradigm shift in our understanding of sensory perception. If quantum coherence can indeed be maintained in biological tissues, the implications for future technology are immense. Scientists are now looking toward these natural systems to _(26)_ that could revolutionize everything from medical imaging to quantum computing. 3

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