25. Zinc-finger peptide motifs are responsible for what aspect of protein function?
(A) kinase activity
(B) DNA binding
(C) mRNA splicing
(D) methylation

26. How are complex processes such as sporulation, synthesis of flagella, and nitrogen fixation that require the transcription ofmultiple sets of genes regulated in bacteria?(A) Multiple operons are simultaneously induced.(B) Cascades of sigma factors synthesized in a temporal order, allow the turning on of successive sets of genes.(C) The end product of one operon is used as an inducer of the next operon in sequence.(D) There are single operons consisting of many genes for each of these processes.

27. As a general principle of gene regulation through operons, regulatory genes encode(A) trans-acting proteins that interact with cis-acting DNA elements.(B) cis-acting proteins that interact with cis-acting DNA elements.(C) cis-acting proteins that interact with trans-acting DNA elements.(D) trans-acting proteins that interact with trans-acting DNA elements.

28. In the regulation of the trp operon, tryptophan acts as a(n)__________.(A) repressor (B) attenuator (C) activator (D) corepressor

29. The transition from transcriptional initiation to elongation involves(A) binding of sigma factor. (B) release of sigma factor.(C) release of RNA polymerase from DNA. (D) binding of RNA polymerase to DNA.

30. A tRNA that recognizes a nonsense codon and inserts an amino acid where protein synthesis should have stopped is called a(n)______________.(A) nonsense tRNA (B) suppressor tRNA (C) revertant tRNA (D) excision tRNA

31. In the modification of eukaryotic mRNA, a "cap" consisting of a/an _________and a tail consisting of_________are usually added to the transcript.(A) acetyl group, multiple cytosines (B) multiple guanines, methyl group(C) multiple thymines, acetyl group (D) methyl group, multiple adenines

32. RNA molecules that can act as enzymes and catalyze specific biochemical reactions are known as_________.(A) donors (B) splice acceptors (C) ribozymes (D) tRNAs

33. The retroviruses, including HIV, are unique because they do reverse __(A) replication. (B) transcription. (C) splicing. (D) translation.

34. There are _________usually found in the genetic code.(A) 3 start codons and 1 stop codon(B) 2 start codons and 2 stop codons(C) 1 start codon and 3 stop codons(D) 0 start codons and 4 stop codons

35. The appearance of a novel phenotype resulting from the substitution of a single base pair might be due to(A) change in the amino acid sequence only.(B) change in the amount of protein expressed.(C) alteration in a gene that codes for a nontranslated RNA.(D) All of the choices are possible consequences of a single base pair substitution.

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