28. Under _________, the market consists of many buyers and sellers trading over a range of prices rather than a single market price.
(A) pure competition
(B) monopolistic competition
(C) oligopolistic competition
(D) a pure monopoly
(E) a pure monopsony

29. With each new generation of Apple iPhone, iPad, or Mac computer, new models start at a high price then work their way down as newer models are introduced. Apple initially uses a _________ strategy. (A) marketskimming (B) target costing (C) deceptive (D) marketpenetration (E) predatory

30. Establishing prices for razor blades that must be used with a razor blade system is known as _________ pricing. (A) byproduct (B) marketpenetration (C) product line (D) product bundle (E) captiveproduct

31. Pricing a product based on consumers' reference prices is referred to as _______ pricing. (A) geographical (B) psychological (C) allowance (D) byproduct (E) captiveproduct

32. Wilkinson & Company sells plumbing supplies across the United States. Wilkinson uses Chicago as its central location for determining freight costs regardless of the city from which products are actually shipped. For example, a Dallas customer pays the freight cost from Chicago to Dallas even if the goods are shipped from Dallas. Wilkinson most likely uses _______ pricing. (A) basingpoint (B) FOBorigin (C) freightabsorption (D) zone (E) reference

33. Mary Kay Cosmetics and Amway sell their products through home and office sales parties, online websites, and social media. Both companies use a(n) _______ channel to distribute their offerings. (A) functional (B) indirect (C) direct (D) layered (E) behavioral

34. Performance Inc. sells its newest athletic shoe styles to The Sneaker Store and distributes dated or slightly defective merchandise through Sports Discounters. Performance Inc.'s main competitor is Topnotch Manufacturers. Performance Inc. also markets its products through the company website. They decide to offer a shortterm online promotion to encourage consumers to buy their newest athletic shoes, promoting a 20 percent discount off current retail prices. In such a distribution channel, which of the following would be considered a vertical conflict? (A) a conflict between Performance Inc. and The Sneaker Store (B) a conflict among Performance Inc., The Sneaker Store, and Sports Discounters (C) a conflict between The Sneaker Store and Sports Discounters (D) a conflict between Performance Inc. and Sports Discounters (E) a conflict between Performance Inc. and Topnotch Manufacturers

35. Integrating the entire distribution chain—from its own design and manufacturing operations to distribution through its own managed stores—has turned Spanish clothing chain Zara into the world's fastestgrowing fastfashion retailer. This is an example of a(n) _______. (A) contractual VMS (B) corporate VMS (C) administered VMS (D) horizontal VMS (E) direct VMS

36. ________ creates a seamless crosschannel buying experience that integrates instore, online, and mobile shopping. (A) Shopper marketing (B) Omnichannel marketing (C) Test marketing (D) Online marketing (E) Consolidation marketing

37. Which type of retailer typically carries deep product assortments of narrow product lines? (A) selfservice retailers (B) specialty stores (C) warehouse clubs (D) discount stores (E) factory outlets

38. ________ includes all the activities involved in selling goods and services to those buying them for resale or business use. (A) Wholesaling (B) Sole sourcing (C) Franchising (D) Crowdsourcing (E) Showrooming

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