45.依據《臺北市國民小學英語文暨彈性學習課程綱要》，下列何者敘述有誤？
(A)字詞分為口語應用字詞和書寫應用字詞。
(B)生活用語包含教室用語。
(C)第一到第三學習階段簡易句型共計54句。
(D)第一到第三學習階段應用字詞共計319 字。

16. The allomorphs of the plural morpheme are determined by the last sound of the singular noun to which the morpheme is attached. The allomorphs of the past-tense morpheme are determined by the last sound of the verb to which the morpheme is attached. There is striking similarities in the processes required to generate the correct forms of these inflectional morphemes. Which of the following description is incorrect? (A) There is a schwa insertion process as schwa is inserted before a word-final /z/ that follows a morpheme ending in a sibilant. (B) There is an assimilation process as word-final /z/ is devoiced following a morpheme ending in a voiceless sound. (C) There is a schwa insertion process as schwa is inserted preceding a word-final /d/ that follows a morpheme ending in a velar stop. (D) There is an assimilation process as word-final /d/ is realized as [t] following a morpheme that ends in a voiceless sound.

17. Observe the allophones of /p/ in English for the following words: personal, persecute, petunia, paternal, computer, competitive, rapid, competition. Which of the following statement is incorrect? (A) The phoneme /p/ is aspirated word initially in stressed syllables. (B) The phoneme /p/ is aspirated word initially in unstressed syllables. (C) The phoneme /p/ is aspirated word internally when it initiates a stressed syllable. (D) The phoneme /p/ is aspirated word internally when it initiates a unstressed syllable.

18. Movement of the tongue, lips, and the larynx will change the shape of the vocal tract and in turn modify the sound emanating from the larynx. What is this about? (A) Phonation (B) Articulation (C) Diaphragm (D) Pragmatics

19. Which English word contains a voiced labial-velar approximant and at the beginning of a syllable? (A) Framework (B) Tomorrow (C) Forget (D) Learning

20. According to linguistic theories, which of the following is true? (A) Linguists do not consider animal communications to be “language,” because only humans have writing. (B) Since writing is less subject to the constraint of time and is better organized than speech is, the study of linguistics is more concerned with writing rather than speeches. (C) Spoken language is acquired, whereas writing must be taught. (D) Linguistics is the scientific study of language. When linguists study languages, they take written languages as their best source of data.

21. Which word below contains two syllables? (A) boards (B) English (C) curious (D) brunch

22. A word formation process which you put two existing words together to create new words is called _____. (A) clipping (B) affixation (C) conversion (D) compounding

23. _____ refers to the separateness of a second language learner’s system that has a structurally intermediate status between the native and target language. (A) Fossilization (B) Interlanguage (C) Lateralization (D) Acculturation

24. Which of the following is a minimal pair? (A) men and man (B) pan and bag (C) cat and cats (D) belief and belated

25. How many morphemes are there in the word moisturizers? (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

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